Association of birthweight and penetrance of diabetes in individuals with HNF4A-MODY: a cohort study.
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SUBMITTER: Locke JM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8660751 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:AimsNumerous genes have been proposed as causal for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Scoring systems to annotate mutation pathogenicity have been widely used; however, statistical evidence for being a highly penetrant MODY gene has not been well-established.MethodsParticipants were from the UK Biobank with whole-exome sequencing data, including 14,622 with and 185,509 without diagnosis of diabetes. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in 14 reported and 3 possible MODY genes were annotated using American College of Medical Genetics criteria. Evidence for being a high-penetrant MODY gene used two statistical criteria: frequency of aggregate P/LP mutations in each gene are (1) significantly more common in participants with a diagnosis of diabetes than without using the SKAT-O (p < .05) and (2) lower than the maximum credible frequency in the general population.ResultsAmong the 17 genes, 6 (GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, NEUROD1, KCNJ11 and HNF1B) met both criteria, 7 (ABCC8, KLF11, RFX6, PCBD1, WFS1, INS and PDX1) met only one criterion, and the remaining 4 (CEL, BLK, APPL1 and PAX4) failed both criteria, and were classified as 'consistent', 'inconclusive' and 'inconsistent' for being highly penetrant diabetes genes, respectively. Diabetes participants with mutations in the 'consistent' genes had clinical presentations that were most consistent with MODY. In contrast, the 'inconclusive' and 'inconsistent' genes did not differ clinically from non-carriers in diabetes-related characteristics.ConclusionsData from a large population-based study provided novel statistical evidence to identify 6 MODY genes as consistent with being highly penetrant. These results have potential implications for interpreting genetic testing results and clinical diagnosis of MODY.
| S-EPMC9659663 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe UK Biobank study provides a unique opportunity to study the causes and consequences of disease. We aimed to use the UK Biobank data to study the well-established, but poorly understood, association between low birthweight and type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio for participants' risk of type 2 diabetes given a one standard deviation increase in birthweight. To test for an association between parental diabetes and birthweight, we performed linear regression of self-reported parental diabetes status against birthweight. We performed path and mediation analyses to test the hypothesis that birthweight partly mediates the association between parental diabetes and participant type 2 diabetes status.ResultsOf the UK Biobank participants, 277 261 reported their birthweight. Of 257 715 individuals of White ethnicity and singleton pregnancies, 6576 had type 2 diabetes, 19 478 reported maternal diabetes (but not paternal), 20 057 reported paternal diabetes (but not maternal) and 2754 participants reported both parents as having diabetes. Lower birthweight was associated with type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank participants. A one kilogram increase in birthweight was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.76; P = 2 × 10(-57)). Paternal diabetes was associated with lower birthweight (45 g lower; 95% CI: 36, 54; P = 2 × 10(-23)) relative to individuals with no parental diabetes. Maternal diabetes was associated with higher birthweight (59 g increase; 95% CI: 50, 68; P = 3 × 10(-37)). Participants' lower birthweight was a mediator of the association between reported paternal diabetes and participants' type 2 diabetes status, explaining 1.1% of the association, and participants' higher birthweight was a mediator of the association between reported maternal diabetes and participants' type 2 diabetes status, explaining 1.2% of the association.ConclusionsData from the UK Biobank provides the strongest evidence by far that paternal diabetes is associated with lower birthweight, whereas maternal diabetes is associated with increased birthweight. Our findings with paternal diabetes are consistent with a role for the same genetic factors influencing foetal growth and type 2 diabetes.
| S-EPMC3887570 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies have established an association between low birthweight (LBW) and future kidney disease, but few have explored the progression of kidney dysfunction through the pediatric years leading up through adolescence and young adulthood.MethodsTo better understand the temporal effects of birthweight on kidney disease progression, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between LBW (<2500 grams) and normal birthweight (NBW) infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at our institution from 1992 to 2006.ResultsAge at follow-up ranged 1-26 years old. GFR was found to be significantly lower in participants born with LBW than those born with NBW, with a mean difference of 5.5 mL/min/1.73m2 (P < 0.01). These differences were found in the adolescent and young adult age group over 9 years of age, specifically in the extremely low birthweight group (ELBW) whose birthweight was less than 1000 grams.ConclusionsWe recommend screening for CKD in ELBW individuals starting at the age of 9 years old, regardless of their previous medical history.
| S-EPMC7857780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fetal insulin hypothesis was proposed that the association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes is principally genetically mediated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether common variants in genes CDKAL1, HHEX, ADCY5, SRR, PTPRD that predisposed to type 2 diabetes were also associated with reduced birthweight in Chinese Han population.Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7756992/rs10946398 in CDKAL1, rs1111875 in HHEX, rs391300 in SRR, rs17584499 in PTPRD, rs1170806/rs9883204/rs4678017/rs9881942/rs7641344/rs6777397/rs6226243 in ADCY5) were genotyped in 1174 unrelated individuals born in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1921 to 1954 by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, of which 645 had normal glucose tolerance, 181 had developed type 2 diabetes and 348 impaired glucose regulation. Associations of these 12 genetic variants with birthweight and glucose metabolism in later life were analyzed.Birthweight was inversely associated with CDKAL1-rs10946398 (? = -41 g [95% confidence interval [CI]: -80, -3], P = 0.034), common variants both associated with increased risk of impaired glucose metabolism and decreased insulin secretion index later in life. After adjusting for sex, gestational weeks, parity and maternal age, the risk allele of CDKAL1-rs7756992 was associated with reduced birthweight (? = -36 g [95% CI: -72, -0.2], P = 0.048). The risk allele in SRR showed a trend toward a reduction of birthweight (P = 0.085).This study identified the association between type 2 diabetes risk variants in CDKAL1 and birthweight in Chinese Han individuals, and the carrier of risk allele within SRR had the trend of reduced birthweight. This demonstrates that there is a clear overlap between the genetics of type 2 diabetes and fetal growth, which proposes that lower birth weight and type 2 diabetes may be two phenotypes of one genotype.
| S-EPMC4717941 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ContextInactivating mutations in HNF1A and HNF4A cause the maturity-onset diabetes of youth (MODY)-3 and MODY1 forms of monogenic diabetes, respectively. Children carrying HNF4A (MODY1) mutations can present in early infancy with macrosomia and diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinism.ObjectiveOur objective was to describe three novel cases of hyperinsulinism associated with MODY1 and MODY3 mutations.Research design and methodsClinical data were obtained from chart review. Gene sequencing was performed on genomic DNA.ResultsCase 1 was diagnosed at 20 months with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and was found to have a novel MODY3 HNF1A mutation, carried by her father who had diabetes. Case 2 was diagnosed with diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinism at 3 months of age and had complete resolution of hyperinsulinism by 4 yr. She was found to have a novel MODY3 HNF1A missense mutation, also carried by her father. Case 3 presented as a newborn with diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinism and later developed renal Fanconi syndrome, hypophosphatemic rickets, and hepatic glycogenosis. Although the latter's features suggested Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, sequencing of the SLC2A2 gene was normal. The patient was found to have a known MODY1 mutation in HNF4A. In all cases, the hyperinsulinism improved with age.ConclusionsThe first two cases demonstrate that mutations in HNF1A (MODY3) can cause hyperinsulinism early in life and diabetes later, similar to the phenotype recently reported for HNF4A (MODY1) mutations. Case 3 indicates that the effects of HNF4A mutations in infancy may extend beyond pancreatic β-cells to produce a disorder similar to glucose transporter 2 deficiency involving both liver glycogen metabolism and renal tubular transport.
| S-EPMC3674296 | biostudies-literature
Project description:GCK-MODY, dominantly inherited mild fasting hyperglycemia, has been associated with >600 different mutations in the glucokinase (GK)-encoding gene (GCK). When expressed as recombinant pancreatic proteins, some mutations result in enzymes with normal/near-normal catalytic properties. The molecular mechanism(s) of GCK-MODY due to these mutations has remained elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms for two such catalytically 'normal' GCK mutations (S263P and G264S) in the F260-L270 loop of GK. When stably overexpressed in HEK293 cells and MIN6 ?-cells, the S263P- and G264S-encoded mutations generated misfolded proteins with an increased rate of degradation (S263P>G264S) by the protein quality control machinery, and a propensity to self-associate (G264S>S263P) and form dimers (SDS resistant) and aggregates (partly Triton X-100 insoluble), as determined by pulse-chase experiments and subcellular fractionation. Thus, the GCK-MODY mutations S263P and G264S lead to protein misfolding causing destabilization, cellular dimerization/aggregation and enhanced rate of degradation. In silico predicted conformational changes of the F260-L270 loop structure are considered to mediate the dimerization of both mutant proteins by a domain swapping mechanism. Thus, similar properties may represent the molecular mechanisms for additional unexplained GCK-MODY mutations, and may also contribute to the disease mechanism in other previously characterized GCK-MODY inactivating mutations.
| S-EPMC3444650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Finding new causes of monogenic diabetes helps understand glycaemic regulation in humans. To find novel genetic causes of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), we sequenced MODY cases with unknown aetiology and compared variant frequencies to large public databases. From 36 European patients, we identify two probands with novel RFX6 heterozygous nonsense variants. RFX6 protein truncating variants are enriched in the MODY discovery cohort compared to the European control population within ExAC (odds ratio = 131, P = 1 × 10-4). We find similar results in non-Finnish European (n = 348, odds ratio = 43, P = 5 × 10-5) and Finnish (n = 80, odds ratio = 22, P = 1 × 10-6) replication cohorts. RFX6 heterozygotes have reduced penetrance of diabetes compared to common HNF1A and HNF4A-MODY mutations (27, 70 and 55% at 25 years of age, respectively). The hyperglycaemia results from beta-cell dysfunction and is associated with lower fasting and stimulated gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels. Our study demonstrates that heterozygous RFX6 protein truncating variants are associated with MODY with reduced penetrance.Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common subtype of familial diabetes. Here, Patel et al. use targeted DNA sequencing of MODY patients and large-scale publically available data to show that RFX6 heterozygous protein truncating variants cause reduced penetrance MODY.
| S-EPMC5638866 | biostudies-other
Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that involves a wide range of genetic and environmental factors. The hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF4A) carries out hepatic gluconeogenesis regulation and insulin secretion crucially, and the corresponding gene was shown to be linked to T2DM in several studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between HNF4A genetic variants (rs1884613 and rs1884614) and T2DM risk in a group of Iranian patients. This case-control study included 100 patients with T2DM and 100 control subjects. Genotyping of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1884613 and rs1884614) of HNF4A was performed using the sequencing method. There was no statistically significant difference for allele and genotype distribution of the HNF4A common variants (rs1884613 and rs1884614) between subjects with and without T2DM (P=0.9 and P=0.9, respectively). Regarding diabetic complications, although the presence of mentioned polymorphisms increased the odds of developing ophthalmic complications and reduction of the odds of renal complications among diabetic patients, the mentioned risk was non- significant and cannot be generalized to the whole population. It seems that rs1884613 and rs1884614 polymorphisms are not associated with T2DM or its renal and ophthalmic complications. To investigate the precise influence of these polymorphisms, prospective cohorts with larger sample sizes are required.
| S-EPMC7175614 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity (THOP) is associated with increased risk of cerebral palsy and lower IQ in low-birthweight infants. This study explores whether THOP is also associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).This secondary analysis uses data from a birth cohort of newborns weighing 500 -2000 g (n = 1105) who were followed to age 21 years, when they were assessed for ASD in the second of a two-stage process. Of the 187 assessed at age 21, 14 had ASD. Neonatal thyroxine results were available for 12/14 and 165/173 participants diagnosed with and without ASD, respectively. THOP was defined as thyroxine z-score <-2.6. Unadjusted relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The mean neonatal thyroxine z-score in young adults diagnosed with ASD was 0.5 SD lower [95% CI -0.16, 1.06] than in those without ASD. Participants with THOP were at 2.5-fold greater risk of ASD (RR 2.5 [95% CI 0.7, 8.4]). While neither of these differences was statistically significant, in a secondary subgroup analysis of those whose mothers did not have hypertension during pregnancy, THOP significantly increased the RR for ASD (5.0 [95% CI 1.2, 20.5]).While the primary relation between THOP and ASD found here is not statistically significant, the magnitude of association and significant relationship observed in the subgroup whose mothers did not have hypertension during pregnancy suggest that it is worthy of further investigation.
| S-EPMC5550024 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundMild retinopathy (microaneurysms or dot-blot hemorrhages) is observed in persons without diabetes or hypertension and may reflect microvascular disease in other organs. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mild retinopathy in persons without diabetes.MethodsA working group agreed on phenotype harmonization, covariate selection and analytic plans for within-cohort GWAS. An inverse-variance weighted fixed effects meta-analysis was performed with GWAS results from six cohorts of 19,411 Caucasians. The primary analysis included individuals without diabetes and secondary analyses were stratified by hypertension status. We also singled out the results from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously shown to be associated with diabetes and hypertension, the two most common causes of retinopathy.ResultsNo SNPs reached genome-wide significance in the primary analysis or the secondary analysis of participants with hypertension. SNP, rs12155400, in the histone deacetylase 9 gene (HDAC9) on chromosome 7, was associated with retinopathy in analysis of participants without hypertension, -1.3±0.23 (beta ± standard error), p?=?6.6×10(-9). Evidence suggests this was a false positive finding. The minor allele frequency was low (?2%), the quality of the imputation was moderate (r(2) ?0.7), and no other common variants in the HDAC9 gene were associated with the outcome. SNPs found to be associated with diabetes and hypertension in other GWAS were not associated with retinopathy in persons without diabetes or in subgroups with or without hypertension.ConclusionsThis GWAS of retinopathy in individuals without diabetes showed little evidence of genetic associations. Further studies are needed to identify genes associated with these signs in order to help unravel novel pathways and determinants of microvascular diseases.
| S-EPMC3564946 | biostudies-literature