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Inhibition of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 promotes hematopoiesis in Fanconi anemia.

ABSTRACT: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a chromosome instability syndrome with congenital abnormalities, cancer predisposition and bone marrow failure (BMF). Although hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation is the recommended therapy, new therapies are needed for FA patients without suitable donors. BMF in FA is caused, at least in part, by a hyperactive growth-suppressive transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, regulated by the TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 ligands. Accordingly, the TGFβ pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for FA. While inhibition of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 promotes blood cell expansion, inhibition of TGFβ2 is known to suppress hematopoiesis. Here, we report the effects of AVID200, a potent TGFβ1- and TGFβ3-specific inhibitor, on FA hematopoiesis. AVID200 promoted the survival of murine FA HSPCs in vitro. AVID200 also promoted in vitro the survival of human HSPCs from patients with FA, with the strongest effect in patients progressing to severe aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Previous studies have indicated that the toxic upregulation of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway accounts, at least in part, for the poor growth of FA HSPCs. AVID200 downregulated the expression of NHEJ-related genes and reduced DNA damage in primary FA HSPC in vitro and in in vivo models. Collectively, AVID200 exhibits activity in FA mouse and human preclinical models. AVID200 may therefore provide a therapeutic approach to improving BMF in FA.

SUBMITTER: Rodriguez A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8686188 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Recent advances in understanding hematopoiesis in Fanconi Anemia.

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Project description:We profiled primary HSPCs from Fanconi anemia (FA) patients for single cell transcriptome (scRNA-seq) to identify additional determinants of HSPC impairment leading to the bone marrow failure,. Trajectory analysis revealed that early hematopoietic differentiation potential is preserved in FA HSPCs. As expected, p53 and TGFβ pathway genes were overexpressed in HSPCs from FA patients. The oncogene MYC was also identified as one of the top over-expressed genes in FA HSPCs. Interestingly, we observed co-existence of “High-TP53” expressing HSPCs and HighMYC expressing HSPCs in FA bone marrow. Inhibition of MYC expression by the BET bromodomain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 reduced the clonogenic potential of primary HSPCs from FA patients but rescued the physiological/genotoxic stress in HSPCs from FA mice. The “High-MYC” expressing HSPCs exhibited a significant downregulation of cell adhesion genes, such as CXCR4. Consistently, HSPCs in FA patients showed a defect in adhesion to their bone marrow niche resulting in egression from the bone marrow into peripheral blood. We speculate that MYC overexpression impairs HSPC function and contributes to exhaustion of HSPCs in FA bone marrow.

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