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Trends in happy life expectancy in Russia, 1994-2015.

ABSTRACT: Although the physical health status of the Russian population has improved over time, limited attention has been paid to the role of subjective well-being (SWB), and even less is known about its relationship with objective health conditions. Using the concept of health expectancy, this study estimates the number of years expected to be satisfied with life (happy life expectancy [LE]) for Russian men and women aged 50 years and older between 1994 and 2015. Data on age-specific prevalence rates of life satisfaction were obtained from the Russian Longitudinal Study of Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), and the life tables were from the Human Life Table Database. We also tested the correlation between macroeconomic indicators and happy LE at age 50. Results based on the Sullivan method demonstrated substantial increases in happy LE at age 50 for both genders during the study period. Changes in happy LE and the percentage of happy life were significant for both genders. Furthermore, happy LE fluctuated during the 1990s but increased in the early 2000s. Importantly, the results from more recent years show stagnation and slight declines in happy LE for men and women. We also noted correlations between happy LE at age 50 and macroeconomic indicators, including gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment, and poverty rates. Taken together, the findings suggest that Russian men and women are becoming more satisfied with life as they live longer. While health has mainly been measured by mortality and morbidity in the Russian context, the finding suggests the importance of focusing more on the positive aspect of population health.

SUBMITTER: Minagawa Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8693025 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) causes substantial disease burden and is projected to affect an increasing number of people in coming decades. This study provides projected estimates of life years free of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and years of life lost ([Formula: see text]) associated with T2D for Germany in the years 2015 and 2040.MethodsBased on an illness-death model and the associated mathematical relation between prevalence, incidence and mortality, we projected the prevalence of diagnosed T2D using currently available data on the incidence rate of diagnosed T2D and mortality rates of people with and without diagnosed T2D. Projection of prevalence was achieved by integration of a partial differential equation, which governs the illness-death model. These projected parameters were used as input values to calculate life years free of T2D and [Formula: see text] associated with T2D for the German population aged 40 to 100 years in the years 2015 and 2040, while accounting for different assumptions on future trends in T2D incidence and mortality.ResultsAssuming a constant incidence rate, women and men at age 40 years in 2015 will live approximately 38 years and 33 years free of T2D, respectively. Up to the year 2040, these numbers are projected to increase by 1.0 years and 1.3 years. Assuming a decrease in T2D-associated excess mortality of 2% per year, women and men aged 40 years with T2D in 2015 will be expected to lose 1.6 and 2.7 years of life, respectively, compared to a same aged person without T2D. In 2040, these numbers would reduce by approximately 0.9 years and 1.6 years. This translates to 10.8 million and 6.4 million [Formula: see text] in the German population aged 40-100 years with prevalent T2D in 2015 and 2040, respectively.ConclusionsGiven expected trends in mortality and no increase in T2D incidence, the burden due to premature mortality associated with T2D will decrease on the individual as well as on the population level. In addition, the expected lifetime without T2D is likely to increase. However, these trends strongly depend on future improvements of excess mortality associated with T2D and future incidence of T2D, which should motivate increased efforts of primary and tertiary prevention.

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Trends in happy life expectancy in Russia, 1994-2015.

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