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Toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacterial proliferations: Challenges and solutions for enhancing knowledge and improving monitoring and mitigation.

ABSTRACT: 1. This review summarises knowledge on the ecology, toxin production, and impacts of toxic freshwater benthic cyanobacterial proliferations. It documents monitoring, management, and sampling strategies, and explores mitigation options. 2. Toxic proliferations of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria (taxa that grow attached to substrates) occur in streams, rivers, lakes, and thermal and meltwater ponds, and have been reported in 19 countries. Anatoxin- and microcystin-containing mats are most commonly reported (eight and 10 countries, respectively). 3. Studies exploring factors that promote toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations are limited to a few species and habitats. There is a hierarchy of importance in environmental and biological factors that regulate proliferations with variables such as flow (rivers), fine sediment deposition, nutrients, associated microbes, and grazing identified as key drivers. Regulating factors differ among colonisation, expansion, and dispersal phases. 4. New -omics-based approaches are providing novel insights into the physiological attributes of benthic cyanobacteria and the role of associated microorganisms in facilitating their proliferation. 5. Proliferations are commonly comprised of both toxic and non-toxic strains, and the relative proportion of these is the key factor contributing to the overall toxin content of each mat. 6. While these events are becoming more commonly reported globally, we currently lack standardised approaches to detect, monitor, and manage this emerging health issue. To solve these critical gaps, global collaborations are needed to facilitate the rapid transfer of knowledge and promote the development of standardised techniques that can be applied to diverse habitats and species, and ultimately lead to improved management.

SUBMITTER: Wood SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8715960 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacterial proliferations: Challenges and solutions for enhancing knowledge and improving monitoring and mitigation.

Wood Susanna A SA Kelly Laura L Bouma-Gregson Keith K Humbert Jean Francois JF Laughinghouse H Dail HD Lazorchak James J McAllister Tara T McQueen Andrew A Pokrzywinski Katyee K Puddick Jonathan J Quiblier Catherine C Reitz Laura A LA Ryan Ken K Vadeboncoeur Yvonne Y Zastepa Arthur A Davis Timothy W TW

Freshwater biology 20201001 10

1. This review summarises knowledge on the ecology, toxin production, and impacts of toxic freshwater benthic cyanobacterial proliferations. It documents monitoring, management, and sampling strategies, and explores mitigation options. 2. Toxic proliferations of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria (taxa that grow attached to substrates) occur in streams, rivers, lakes, and thermal and meltwater ponds, and have been reported in 19 countries. Anatoxin- and microcystin-containing mats are most commonl ...[more]

PMID: 34970014

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Project description:Gut microbes play a critical role in helping hosts adapt to external environmental changes and are becoming an important phenotype for evaluating the response of aquatic animals to environmental stresses. However, few studies have reported the role that gut microbes play after the exposure of gastropods to bloom-forming cyanobacteria and toxins. In this study, we investigated the response pattern and potential role of intestinal flora in freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa when exposed to toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, respectively. Results showed that the composition of the intestinal flora of the toxin-producing cyanobacteria group (T group) changed significantly over time. The concentration of microcystins (MCs) in hepatopancreas tissue decreased from 2.41 ± 0.12 on day 7 to 1.43 ± 0.10 μg·g-1 dry weight on day 14 in the T group. The abundance of cellulase-producing bacteria (Acinetobacter) was significantly higher in the non-toxic cyanobacteria group (NT group) than that in the T group on day 14, whereas the relative abundance of MC-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas and Ralstonia) was significantly higher in the T group than that in the NT group on day 14. In addition, the co-occurrence networks in the T group were more complex than that in the NT group at day 7 and day 14. Some genera identified as key nodes, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Ralstonia, showed different patterns of variation in the co-occurrence network. Network nodes clustered to Acinetobacter increased in the NT group from day 7 to day 14, whereas the interactions between Pseudomonas and Ralstonia and other bacteria almost changed from positive correlations in the D7T group to negative correlations in the D14T group. These results suggested that these bacteria not only have the ability to improve host resistance to toxic cyanobacterial stress by themselves, but they can also further assist host adaptation to environmental stress by regulating the interaction patterns within the community. This study provides useful information for understanding the role of freshwater gastropod gut flora in response to toxic cyanobacteria and reveals the underlying tolerance mechanisms of B. aeruginosa to toxic cyanobacteria.

Dataset Information

Toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacterial proliferations: Challenges and solutions for enhancing knowledge and improving monitoring and mitigation.

Publications

Toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacterial proliferations: Challenges and solutions for enhancing knowledge and improving monitoring and mitigation.

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