Characterization of multi-biomarkers for bone health assessment based on photoacoustic physicochemical analysis method.
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SUBMITTER: Feng T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8717597 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Objectives Given poor compliance by providers with adolescent health risk assessment (HRA) in primary care, we describe the development and feasibility of using a health information technology (HIT)-enhanced HRA to improve the frequency of HRAs in diverse clinical settings, asking adolescents' recall of quality of care as a primary outcome. Methods We conducted focus groups and surveys with key stakeholders (Phase I) , including adolescents, clinic staff and providers to design and implement an intervention in a practice-based research network delivering private, comprehensive HRAs via tablet (Phase II). Providers and adolescents received geo-coded community resources according to individualized risks. Following the point-of-care implementation , we collected patient-reported outcomes using post-visit quality surveys (Phase III). Patient-reported outcomes from intervention and comparison clinics were analyzed using a mixed-model, fitted separately for each survey domain. Results Stakeholders agreed upon an HIT-enhanced HRA (Phase I). Twenty-two academic and community practices in north-central Florida then recruited 609 diverse adolescents (14-18 years) during primary care visits over 6 months; (mean patients enrolled = 28; median = 20; range 1-116; Phase II). Adolescents receiving the intervention later reported higher receipt of confidential/private care and counseling related to emotions and relationships (adjusted scores 0.42 vs 0.08 out of 1.0, p < .01; 0.85 vs 0.57, p < .001, respectively, Phase III) than those receiving usual care. Both are important quality indicators for adolescent well-child visits. Conclusions Stakeholder input was critical to the acceptability of the HIT-enhanced HRA. Patient recruitment data indicate that the intervention was feasible in a variety of clinical settings and the pilot evaluation data indicate that the intervention may improve adolescents' perceptions of high quality care.
| S-EPMC5124035 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nanomedicine requires in-depth knowledge of nanoparticle-protein interactions. These interactions are studied with methods limited to large or fluorescently labelled nanoparticles as they rely on scattering or fluorescence-correlation signals. Here, we have developed a method based on analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as an absorbance-based, label-free tool to determine dissociation constants (KD), stoichiometry (Nmax), and Hill coefficient (n), for the association of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with gold nanoparticles. Absorption at 520 nm in AUC renders the measurements insensitive to unbound and aggregated proteins. Measurements remain accurate and do not become more challenging for small (sub-10 nm) nanoparticles. In AUC, frictional ratio analysis allows for the qualitative assessment of the shape of the analyte. Data suggests that small-nanoparticles/protein complexes significantly deviate from a spherical shape even at maximum coverage. We believe that this method could become one of the established approaches for the characterization of the interaction of (small) nanoparticles with proteins.
| S-EPMC5080432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Adapalene (ADAP) is an important drug widely used in the topical treatment of acne. It is a third-generation retinoid and provides keratolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseborrhoic action. However, some topical adverse effects such as erythema, dryness, and scaling have been reported with its commercial formula. In this sense, the microencapsulation of this drug using polyesters can circumvent its topical side effects and can lead to the enhancement of drug delivery into sebaceous glands. The goal of this work was to obtain ADAP-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles prepared by a simple emulsion/solvent evaporation method. Formulations containing 10 and 20% of ADAP were successfully obtained and characterized by morphological, spectroscopic, and thermal studies. Microparticles presented encapsulation efficiency of ADAP above 98% and showed a smooth surface and spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results presented no drug-polymer chemical bond, and a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique showed a partial amorphization of the drug. ADAP permeation in the Strat-M membrane for transdermal diffusion testing was evaluated by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in the spectral region between 225 and 400 nm after 15 min and 3 h from the application of ADAP-loaded PCL formulations. PAS was successfully used for investigating the penetration of polymeric microparticles. In addition, microencapsulation decreased the in vitro transmembrane diffusion of ADAP.
| S-EPMC6428289 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hemostasis is vital to save lives, reducing risks of organ failure and hemorrhagic shock. Exploring novel hemostatic materials and precise monitoring of the hemostatic status is of great importance for efficient hemostasis. We present the development of chitosan-graphene oxide-based hemostatic composite and multi-scale photoacoustic evaluation of the hemostatic performance. The hemostatic sponge can quickly and efficiently absorb the blood with its porous cavity and specific surficial property. We inspect the hemostatic performance via an in vitro blood absorption test and in vivo mouse bleeding injury experiments. Results show that the synthesized hemostatic sponge can not only absorb plasma in blood fast with its interior porous structure but also stimulate the interfacial reaction with erythrocytes and platelets. The superiority of multi-scale photoacoustic imaging for guiding, monitoring, and evaluating the hemostatic stages of sponges is demonstrated with high spatial resolution and great sensitivity at depths. Photoacoustic evaluation of a chitosan-graphene oxide-based hemostatic sponge has the potential to be transferred toward the clinical assessment of wound healing.
| S-EPMC8623563 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A major challenge of transcranial human brain photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is correcting for the acoustic aberration induced by the skull. Here, we present a modified universal back-projection (UBP) method, termed layered UBP (L-UBP), that can de-aberrate the transcranial PA signals by accommodating the skull heterogeneity into conventional UBP. In L-UBP, the acoustic medium is divided into multiple layers: the acoustic coupling fluid layer between the skull and detectors, the skull layer, and the brain tissue layer, which are assigned different acoustic properties. The transmission coefficients and wave conversion are considered at the fluid-skull and skull-tissue interfaces. Simulations of transcranial PACT using L-UBP were conducted to validate the method. Ex vivo experiments with a newly developed three-dimensional PACT system with 1-MHz center frequency demonstrated that L-UBP can substantially improve the image quality compared to conventional UBP.
| S-EPMC7586244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Effective therapeutic strategies to precisely eradicate primary tumors with minimal side effects on normal tissue, inhibit metastases, and prevent tumor relapses, are the ultimate goals in the battle against cancer. We report a novel therapeutic strategy that combines adjuvant black phosphorus nanoparticle-based photoacoustic (PA) therapy with checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. With the mitochondria targeting nanoparticle, PA therapy can achieve localized mechanical damage of mitochondria via PA cavitation and thus achieve precise eradication of the primary tumor. More importantly, PA therapy can generate tumor-associated antigens via the presence of the R848-containing nanoparticles as an adjuvant to promote strong antitumor immune responses. When combined with the checkpoint-blockade using anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, the generated immunological responses will further promote the infiltrating CD8 and CD4 T-cells to increase the CD8/Foxp3 T-cell ratio to inhibit the growth of distant tumors beyond the direct impact range of the PA therapy. Furthermore, the number of memory T cells detected in the spleen is increased, and these cells inhibit tumor recurrence. This proposed strategy offers precise eradication of the primary tumor and can induce long-term tumor-specific immunity.Electronic supplementary materialSupplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12274-020-3028-x and is accessible for authorized users.
| S-EPMC7455780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBone age assessment (BAA) is crucial for the diagnosis of growth disorders and the optimization of treatments. However, the random error caused by different observers' experiences and the low consistency of repeated assessments harms the quality of such assessments. Thus, automated assessment methods are needed.MethodsPrevious research has sought to design localization modules in a strongly or weakly supervised fashion to aggregate part regions to better recognize subtle differences. Conversely, we sought to efficiently deliver information between multi-granularity regions for fine-grained feature learning and to directly model long-distance relationships for global understanding. The proposed method has been named the "Multi-Granularity and Multi-Attention Net (2M-Net)". Specifically, we first applied the jigsaw method to generate related tasks emphasizing regions with different granularities, and we then trained the model on these tasks using a hierarchical sharing mechanism. In effect, the training signals from the extra tasks created as an inductive bias, enabling 2M-Net to discover task relatedness without the need for annotations. Next, the self-attention mechanism acted as a plug-and-play module to effectively enhance the feature representation capabilities. Finally, multi-scale features were applied for prediction.ResultsA public data set of 14,236 hand radiographs, provided by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), was used to develop and validate 2M-Net. In the public benchmark testing, the mean absolute error (MAE) between the bone age estimates of the model and of the reviewer was 3.98 months (3.89 months for males and 4.07 months for females).ConclusionsBy using the jigsaw method to construct a multi-task learning strategy and inserting the self-attention module for efficient global modeling, we established 2M-Net, which is comparable to the previous best method in terms of performance.
| S-EPMC11320534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesBehavioral obesity treatment (BOT) produces clinically significant weight loss and health benefits for many individuals with overweight/obesity. Yet, many individuals in BOT do not achieve clinically significant weight loss and/or experience weight regain. Lapses (i.e., eating that deviates from the BOT prescribed diet) could explain poor outcomes, but the behavior is understudied because it can be difficult to assess. We propose to study lapses using a multi-method approach, which allows us to identify objectively-measured characteristics of lapse behavior (e.g., eating rate, duration), examine the association between lapse and weight change, and estimate nutrition composition of lapse.MethodWe are recruiting participants (n = 40) with overweight/obesity to enroll in a 24-week BOT. Participants complete biweekly 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to self-report on eating behavior, including dietary lapses. Participants continuously wear the wrist-worn ActiGraph Link to characterize eating behavior. Participants complete 24-hour dietary recalls via structured interview at 6-week intervals to measure the composition of all food and beverages consumed.ResultsWhile data collection for this trial is still ongoing, we present data from three pilot participants who completed EMA and wore the ActiGraph to illustrate the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of this work.ConclusionThis protocol will be the first multi-method study of dietary lapses in BOT. Upon completion, this will be one of the largest published studies of passive eating detection and EMA-reported lapse. The integration of EMA and passive sensing to characterize eating provides contextually rich data that will ultimately inform a nuanced understanding of lapse behavior and enable novel interventions.Trial registration: Registered clinical trial NCT03739151; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03739151.
| S-EPMC7863144 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Photoacoustic technology is a promising tool to provide morphological and functional information in biomedical research. To enhance the imaging efficiency, the reported photoacoustic probes have been designed coaxially involving complicated optical/acoustic prisms to bypass the opaque piezoelectric layer of ultrasound transducers, but this has led to bulky probes and has hindered the applications in limited space. Though the emergence of transparent piezoelectric materials helps to save effort on the coaxial design, the reported transparent ultrasound transducers were still bulky. In this work, a miniature photoacoustic probe with an outer diameter of 4 mm was developed, in which an acoustic stack was made with a combination of transparent piezoelectric material and a gradient-index lens as a backing layer. The transparent ultrasound transducer exhibited a high center frequency of ~47 MHz and a -6 dB bandwidth of 29.4%, which could be easily assembled with a pigtailed ferrule of a single-mode fiber. The multi-functional capability of the probe was successfully validated through experiments of fluid flow sensing and photoacoustic imaging.
| S-EPMC10304571 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In general, the elaboration of the synthesis of water quality in Romania is based on the processing of a large volume of information coming from primary analytical data collected with a constant frequency by the organisms with a specific role in water quality monitoring. This study proposes a novel methodology for multi-criteria analysis aiming to evaluate the degradation state of lake ecosystems. The cornerstone of the newly presented methodology is a geographic information system (GIS) automated tool, involving the assessment of potential degradation sources affecting the watershed that supply the lakes with water. The methodology was tested by performing an analysis on 30 lakes in Romania. The lakes belong to different geographical areas, owing various natural specific conditions and were selected to fit to various types and specific local conditions. The calculation of the WRASTIC-HI (Wastewater-Recreation-Agriculture-Size-Transportation-Industry-Cover-Hazard Index) revealed that, out of 30 lake ecosystems selected as the case study, two lakes were fully degraded, 24 lakes were semi-degraded, and four were in a natural state. The four lakes characterised by a natural state are located in mountainous regions or in the Danube Delta. The results obtained on the selected lakes proved that the proposed index calculation corresponded in all case studies to the real field situation, highlighting thus the accuracy of the assessing process and increased advantages of the assessment's automation.
| S-EPMC8198268 | biostudies-literature