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Decomposing PM_2.5 air pollution rebounds in Northern China before COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: China's efforts to curb air pollution have drastically reduced its concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) from 2013 to 2018 nationwide. However, few studies examined the most recent changes in PM_2.5 concentrations and questioned if the previous PM_2.5 declining trend was sustained or not. This study took a deep dive into the PM_2.5 trend for 136 northern cities of China from 2015 to early 2020 before the coronavirus disease 2019 (the COVID-19 hereafter) crisis, using ground-based PM_2.5 data notably adjusted for a key measurement method change. We find that mean PM_2.5 concentrations in northern China increased by 5.16 µg/m³ in 2019, offsetting 80% of the large reduction achieved in 2018. The rebound was more significant during the heating seasons (HS; Nov to next Mar) over the 2 years: 10.49 µg/m³ from the 2017 HS to the 2019 HS. A multiple linear regression analysis further revealed that anthropogenic factors contributed to around 50% of the PM_2.5 rebound in northern cities of China. Such a significant role of anthropogenic factors in driving the rebound was tightly linked to deep cuts in PM_2.5 concentrations in the previous year, systemic adjustment of policy targets and mitigation measures by the government, and the rising marginal cost of these measures. These findings suggest the need to chart a more sustainable path for future PM_2.5 emission reductions, with an emphasis on key regions during key pollution periods.

SUBMITTER: Dong C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8731191 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundPrenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is linked to a higher risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. However, the association between pregnancy complications and exposure to indoor air pollution remains unclear. The Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcomes research is a hospital-based prospective cohort research created to look into the effects of aerodynamically exposed particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis prospective multicenter observational cohort study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2023. A total of 662 women with singleton pregnancies enrolled in this study. An AirguardK® air sensor was installed inside the homes of the participants to measure the individual PM10 and PM2.5 levels in the living environment. The time-activity patterns and PM10 and PM2.5, determined as concentrations from the time-weighted average model, were applied to determine the anticipated exposure levels to air pollution of each pregnant woman. The relationship between air pollution exposure and pregnancy outcomes was assessed using logistic and linear regression analyses.ResultsExposure to elevated levels of PM10 throughout the first, second, and third trimesters as well as throughout pregnancy was strongly correlated with the risk of pregnancy problems according to multiple logistic regression models adjusted for variables. Except for in the third trimester of pregnancy, women exposed to high levels of PM2.5 had a high risk of pregnancy complications. During the second trimester and entire pregnancy, the risk of preterm birth (PTB) increased by 24% and 27%, respectively, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10. Exposure to high PM10 levels during the second trimester increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by 30%. The risk of GDM increased by 15% for each 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during the second trimester and overall pregnancy, respectively. Exposure to high PM10 and PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants by 96% and 26%, respectively.ConclusionExposure to high concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 is strongly correlated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exposure to high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 during the second trimester and entire pregnancy, respectively, significantly increased the risk of PTB and GDM. Exposure to high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy considerably increased the risk of having SGA infants. Our findings highlight the need to measure individual particulate levels during pregnancy and the importance of managing air quality in residential environment.

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Decomposing PM_2.5 air pollution rebounds in Northern China before COVID-19.

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Dataset Information

Decomposing PM2.5 air pollution rebounds in Northern China before COVID-19.

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Decomposing PM_2.5 air pollution rebounds in Northern China before COVID-19.