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Biobased Composites by Photoinduced Polymerization of Cardanol Methacrylate with Microfibrillated Cellulose.

ABSTRACT: Biobased monomers and green processes are key to producing sustainable materials. Cardanol, an aromatic compound obtained from cashew nut shells, may be conveniently functionalized, e.g., with epoxy or (meth)acrylate groups, to replace petroleum-based monomers. Photoinduced polymerization is recognized as a sustainable process, less energy intensive than thermal curing; however, cardanol-based UV-cured polymers have relatively low thermomechanical properties, making them mostly suitable as reactive diluents or in non-structural applications such as coatings. It is therefore convenient to combine them with biobased reinforcements, such as microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), to obtain composites with good mechanical properties. In this work a cardanol-based methacrylate monomer was photopolymerized in the presence of MFC to yield self-standing, flexible, and relatively transparent films with high thermal stability. The polymerization process was completed within few minutes even in the presence of filler, and the cellulosic filler was not affected by the photopolymerization process.

SUBMITTER: Vitale A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8746221 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biobased Composites by Photoinduced Polymerization of Cardanol Methacrylate with Microfibrillated Cellulose.

Vitale Alessandra A Molina-Gutiérrez Samantha S Li W S Jennifer WSJ Caillol Sylvain S Ladmiral Vincent V Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick P Dalle Vacche Sara S

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20220104 1

Biobased monomers and green processes are key to producing sustainable materials. Cardanol, an aromatic compound obtained from cashew nut shells, may be conveniently functionalized, e.g., with epoxy or (meth)acrylate groups, to replace petroleum-based monomers. Photoinduced polymerization is recognized as a sustainable process, less energy intensive than thermal curing; however, cardanol-based UV-cured polymers have relatively low thermomechanical properties, making them mostly suitable as react ...[more]

PMID: 35009485

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Project description:Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from renewable plant-based materials exhibit strong potential for improving properties of polymers by their dispersal in the polymer matrix as a composite phase. However, the hydrophilicity and low thermal stability of CNCs lead to compromised particle dispersibility in common polymers and limit the processing conditions of polymer-CNC composites, respectively. One route that has been explored is the modification of CNCs to alter surface chemistry. Acrylic materials are used in a broad class of polymers and copolymers with wide commercial applications. Yet, the available methods for adding groups that react with acrylics to enhance dispersion are quite limited. In this work, a versatile chemical modification route is described that introduces acryloyl functional groups on CNCs that can in turn be polymerized in subsequent steps to create acrylic-CNC composites. The hydroxyl group on CNC surfaces was reacted with the isocyanate moiety on 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), a bifunctional molecule possessing both the isocyanate group and acryloyl group. The resulting modified CNCs (mCNCs) showed enhanced hydrophobicity and dispersibility in organic solvent relative to unmodified CNCs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis verified the surface modification and allowed an estimation of the degree of modification as high as 0.4 (26.7% surface hydroxyl substitution CNC). The modified CNCs were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, and the composites had improved dispersion relative to composites with unmodified CNCs and enhanced (104%) tensile strength at 2 wt % CNC when compared to the neat poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), indicating a benefit of the reactive acryloyl groups added to the CNC surface. Overall, the modification strategy was successful in functionalizing CNCs, opening possibilities for their use in organic media and matrices.

Dataset Information

Biobased Composites by Photoinduced Polymerization of Cardanol Methacrylate with Microfibrillated Cellulose.

Publications

Biobased Composites by Photoinduced Polymerization of Cardanol Methacrylate with Microfibrillated Cellulose.

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