ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after COVID-19 reinfection: The disseminated thrombotic process.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Michalski TA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8747836 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC10954851 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7439756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is assumed that platelets in diseased conditions share similar properties to platelets in healthy conditions, although this has never been examined in detail for myocardial infarction (MI). We examined platelets from patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) compared with platelets from healthy volunteers to evaluate for differences in platelet phenotype and function. Platelet activation was examined and postreceptor signal transduction pathways were assessed. Platelet-derived plasma biomarkers were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Maximum platelet activation through the thromboxane receptor was greater in STEMI than in NSTEMI but less through protease-activated receptor 1. Extracellular-signal related-kinase 5 activation, which can activate platelets, was increased in platelets from subjects with STEMI and especially in platelets from patients with NSTEMI. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) protein content and enzymatic activity were several-fold greater in platelets with MI than in control. Mean plasma MMP9 concentration in patients with MI distinguished between STEMI and NSTEMI (area under curve [AUC] 75% [confidence interval (CI) 60-91], P = 0.006) which was superior to troponin T (AUC 66% [CI 48-85, P = 0.08), predicting STEMI with 80% sensitivity (95% CI 56-94), 90% specificity (CI 68-99), 70% AUC (CI 54-86, P < 0.0001), and NSTEMI with 50% sensitivity (CI 27-70), 90% specificity (CI 68-99), 70% AUC (CI 54-86, P = 0.03). Platelets from patients with STEMI and NSTEMI show differences in platelet surface receptor activation and postreceptor signal transduction, suggesting the healthy platelet phenotype in which antiplatelet agents are often evaluated in preclinical studies is different from platelets in patients with MI.
| S-EPMC5898983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ST-segment resolution (STR) and myocardial scar thickness after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsForty-two STEMI patients with single-branch coronary artery stenosis or occlusion were enrolled. ST-segment elevations were measured at emergency admission and at 24 h after PCI. Late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR-LGE) was performed 7 days after PCI to evaluate myocardial scars. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the utility of STR to predict the development of transmural (> 75%) or non-transmural (< 75%) myocardial scars, according to previous study.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of STR for predicting transmural scars were 96% and 88%, respectively, at an STR cut-off value of 40.15%. The area under the curve was 0.925. Multivariate logistic proportional hazards regression analysis disclosed that patients with STR < 40.15% had a 170.90-fold higher probability of developing transmural scars compared with patients with STR ≥ 40.15%. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses showed STR percentage was significantly associated with myocardial scar thickness and size.ConclusionSTR < 40.15% at 24 h after PCI may provide meaningful diagnostic information regarding the extent of myocardial scarification in STEMI patients.
| S-EPMC8454141 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceChallenges to improving ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care are formidable in low- to middle-income countries because of several system-level factors.ObjectiveTo examine access to reperfusion and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during STEMI using a hub-and-spoke model.Design, setting, and participantsThis multicenter, prospective, observational study of a quality improvement program studied 2420 patients 20 years or older with symptoms or signs consistent with STEMI at primary care clinics, small hospitals, and PCI hospitals in the southern state of Tamil Nadu in India. Data were collected from the 4 clusters before implementation of the program (preimplementation data). We required a minimum of 12 weeks for the preimplementation data with the period extending from August 7, 2012, through January 5, 2013. The program was then implemented in a sequential manner across the 4 clusters, and data were collected in the same manner (postimplementation data) from June 12, 2013, through June 24, 2014, for a mean 32-week period.ExposuresCreation of an integrated, regional quality improvement program that linked the 35 spoke health care centers to the 4 large PCI hub hospitals and leveraged recent developments in public health insurance schemes, emergency medical services, and health information technology.Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes focused on the proportion of patients undergoing reperfusion, timely reperfusion, and postfibrinolysis angiography and PCI. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital and 1-year mortality.ResultsA total of 2420 patients with STEMI (2034 men [84.0%] and 386 women [16.0%]; mean [SD] age, 54.7 [12.2] years) (898 in the preimplementation phase and 1522 in the postimplementation phase) were enrolled, with 1053 patients (43.5%) from the spoke health care centers. Missing data were common for systolic blood pressure (213 [8.8%]), heart rate (223 [9.2%]), and anterior MI location (279 [11.5%]). Overall reperfusion use and times to reperfusion were similar (795 [88.5%] vs 1372 [90.1%]; P = .21). Coronary angiography (314 [35.0%] vs 925 [60.8%]; P < .001) and PCI (265 [29.5%] vs 707 [46.5%]; P < .001) were more commonly performed during the postimplementation phase. In-hospital mortality was not different (52 [5.8%] vs 85 [5.6%]; P = .83), but 1-year mortality was lower in the postimplementation phase (134 [17.6%] vs 179 [14.2%]; P = .04), and this difference remained consistent after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = .04).Conclusions and relevanceA hub-and-spoke model in South India improved STEMI care through greater use of PCI and may improve 1-year mortality. This model may serve as an example for developing STEMI systems of care in other low- to middle-income countries.
| S-EPMC5814984 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Infarction of the anterior myocardial wall results in anterior ST-elevation. However, ST-deviation may also appear inferiorly and may aid in localizing the culprit lesion.
| S-EPMC6406154 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsThis study aims to explore cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived left ventricular (LV) function, strain, and infarct size characteristics in patients with transient ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (TSTEMI) compared to patients with ST-segment and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI and NSTEMI, respectively).Methods and resultsIn total, 407 patients were enrolled in this multicentre observational prospective cohort study. All patients underwent CMR examination 2-8 days after the index event. CMR cine imaging was performed for functional assessment and late gadolinium enhancement to determine infarct size and identify microvascular obstruction (MVO). TSTEMI patients demonstrated the highest LV ejection fraction and the most preserved global LV strain (longitudinal, circumferential, and radial) across the three groups (overall P ≤ 0.001). The CMR-defined infarction was less frequently observed in TSTEMI than in STEMI patients [77 (65%) vs. 124 (98%), P < 0.001] but was comparable with NSTEMI patients [77 (65%) vs. 66 (70%), P = 0.44]. A remarkably smaller infarct size was seen in TSTEMI compared to STEMI patients [1.4 g (0.0-3.9) vs. 13.5 g (5.3-26.8), P < 0.001], whereas infarct size was not significantly different from that in NSTEMI patients [1.4 g (0.0-3.9) vs. 2.1 g (0.0-8.6), P = 0.06]. Whilst the presence of MVO was less frequent in TSTEMI compared to STEMI patients [5 (4%) vs. 53 (31%), P < 0.001], no significant difference was seen compared to NSTEMI patients [5 (4%) vs. 5 (5%), P = 0.72].ConclusionTSTEMI yielded favourable cardiac LV function, strain, and infarct-related scar mass compared to STEMI and NSTEMI. LV function and infarct characteristics of TSTEMI tend to be more similar to NSTEMI than STEMI.
| S-EPMC9159742 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent studies have proposed intravenous (IV) morphine is associated with delayed action of antiplatelet agents in acute myocardial infarction. However, it is unknown whether morphine results in increased myocardial damage in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated myocardial salvage index (MSI) to determine whether IV morphine affects myocardial injury adversely in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. 299 STEMI patients underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging a median of 3 days after PCI. Infarct size was measured on delayed-enhancement imaging, and area at risk was quantified on T2-weighted imaging. MSI was calculated as '[area at risk-infarct size] X 100 / area at risk'. IV morphine was administrated in 32.1% of patients. Patients treated with morphine had shorter symptom to balloon time and higher prevalence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 0 or 1. The morphine group showed a trend toward larger MSI and infarct size and significantly greater area at risk than the non-morphine group. After propensity score matching (90 pairs), MSI was similar between the morphine and non-morphine group (46.1% versus 43.5%, P = .11), and infarct size and area at risk showed no difference. In propensity score-matched analysis, IV morphine prior to primary PCI in STEMI patients did not cause adverse impacts on myocardial salvage.
| S-EPMC5231339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere are concerns of delays in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear whether the care and outcomes of STEMI patients differ between COVID-19 waves and compared with historical periods.MethodsConsecutive patients in the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority STEMI database were included to compare care during 3 distinct waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (9 months; March 2020 to January 2021) with an historical non-COVID-19 cohort. We compared STEMI incidence, baseline characteristics, and outcomes between groups. We also examined time from first medical contact (FMC) to reperfusion, symptom to FMC, and FMC to STEMI diagnosis, as well as predictors of delays.ResultsThe incidence of STEMI was similar during COVID-19 (n = 305; mean 0.93/day) and before COVID-19 (n = 949; 0.97/day; P = 0.80). The COVID-19 cohort showed significant delay in FMC-to-reperfusion (median 116 min vs 102 min; P < 0.001) and FMC-to-STEMI diagnosis (median 17 mins vs 11 min; P < 0.001). Delays in FMC-to-device times worsened across the 3 COVID-19 waves (FMC-to-device time ≤ 90 min in wave 1: 32.9%; in wave 2: 25.6%; in wave 3: 16.3%; P = 0.045 [47.5% before COVID-19; P < 0.001]). There were no significant predictors of delay were unique to the COVID-19 cohort.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates delays in reperfusion during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the historical control, with delays increasing during subsequent waves within the pandemic. It is critical to further understand these care gaps to improve STEMI care for future waves of the current and future pandemics.
| S-EPMC8830145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ST segment elevation myocardial infarction remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite a declining incidence and better survival rates. It usually results from thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery at the site of a ruptured or eroded plaque. Diagnosis is based on characteristic symptoms and electrocardiogram changes, and confirmed subsequently by raised cardiac enzymes. Prognosis is dependent on the size of the infarct, presence of collaterals and speed with which the occluded artery is reopened. Mechanical reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention is superior to fibrinolytic therapy if delivered by an experienced team in a timely fashion. Post-reperfusion care includes monitoring for complications, evaluation of left ventricular function, secondary preventive therapy and cardiac rehabilitation.
| S-EPMC5922709 | biostudies-other