Dataset Information

Long-term blood pressure trajectories and associations with age and body mass index among urban women in South Africa.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Blood pressure (BP) is known to increase inevitably with age. Understanding the different ages at which great gains could be achieved for intervention to prevent and control BP would be of public health importance.

Methods

Data collected between 2003 and 2014 from 1 969 women aged 22 to 89 years were used in this study. Growth curve models were fitted to describe intra- and inter-individual trajectories. For BP tracking, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure dependency of observations from the same individual.

Results

Four patterns were identified: a slow decrease in BP with age before 30 years; a period of gradual increase in midlife up to 60 years; a flattening and slightly declining trend; and another increase in BP in advanced age. These phases persisted but at slightly lower levels after adjustment for body mass index. Three groups of increasing trajectories were identified. The respective number (%) in the low, medium and highly elevated BP groups were 1 386 (70.4%), 482 (24.5%) and 101 (5.1%) for systolic BP; and 1 167 (59.3%), 709 (36.0%) and 93 (4.7%) for diastolic BP. The ICC was strong at 0.71 and 0.79 for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively.

Conclusions

These results show that BP preventative and control measures early in life would be beneficial for control later in life, and since increase in body mass index may worsen hypertension, it should be prevented early and independently.

SUBMITTER: Wandai ME

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8756028 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul-Aug 23

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Long-term blood pressure trajectories and associations with age and body mass index among urban women in South Africa.

Wandai Muchiri E ME Manda Samuel O SO Aagaard-Hansen Jens J Norris Shane A SA

Cardiovascular journal of Africa 20210726 4

<h4>Background</h4>Blood pressure (BP) is known to increase inevitably with age. Understanding the different ages at which great gains could be achieved for intervention to prevent and control BP would be of public health importance.<h4>Methods</h4>Data collected between 2003 and 2014 from 1 969 women aged 22 to 89 years were used in this study. Growth curve models were fitted to describe intra- and inter-individual trajectories. For BP tracking, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was ...[more]

PMID: 34309618

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Project description:ImportanceThe amygdala, a key limbic structure, plays a critical role in emotional, social, and appetitive behaviors that develop throughout adolescence. Composed of a heterogeneous group of nuclei, questions remain about potential differences in the maturation of its subregions during development.ObjectiveTo characterize the associations between developmental variables and amygdala subregion volumes during preadolescence.Design setting and participantsCross-sectional Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD®) Study data was collected from 3,953 9- and 10-year-old children between September 1, 2016, and October 15, 2018. Data analysis was conducted between June 1, 2023, and July 30, 2024.Main outcomes and measuresUsing the CIT168 Amygdala Atlas, nine amygdala subregion volumes were quantified from high-quality MRI scans. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects of age, sex, pubertal stage, and body mass index z-score (BMIz) on subregion volumes and their relative apportionment within the amygdala.ResultsThe study population consisted of 3,953 preadolescents (mean [SD] age, 120 [7.41] months; 1,763 [44.6%] female; 57 [1.4%] Asian, 527 [13.3%] Black, 740 [18.7%] Hispanic, 2,279 [57.7%] white, and 350 [8.9%] from other racial/ethnic groups [identified by parents as American Indian/Native American, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, other Pacific Islander, or other race]). Distinct associations were observed between age, sex, and BMIz and whole amygdala volume, subregion volumes, and subregion apportionment. Pubertal stage was not related to amygdala subregion volumes. Age was associated with near-global expansion of amygdala subregions during this developmental period. Female sex was linked to smaller volumes in most amygdala subregions, with larger relative apportionment in dorsal amygdala subregions and smaller apportionment in the basolateral ventral paralaminar subregion. Higher BMIz was associated with smaller volumes in large laterobasal subregions, with increased relative apportionment in smaller subregions.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study suggests that age, but not pubertal stage, is associated with near-global expansion of the amygdala at ages 9 and 10, while sex and BMIz are linked to distinct changes in amygdala subregions that explain observed differences in total volumes. These findings provide a foundational context for understanding how developmental variables influence amygdala structure in preadolescents, with implications for understanding future risk for brain disorders.

Dataset Information

Long-term blood pressure trajectories and associations with age and body mass index among urban women in South Africa.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Long-term blood pressure trajectories and associations with age and body mass index among urban women in South Africa.

Similar Datasets

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