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Potato tuber degradation is regulated by carbohydrate metabolism: Results of transcriptomic analysis.

ABSTRACT: Tuber number is an essential factor determining yield and commodity in potato production. The initiation number has long been considered the sole determinant of the final total tuber number. In this study, we observed that tuber numbers at harvest were lower than at the tuber bulking stage; some formed tubers that were smaller than 3 cm degraded during development. Carbohydrate metabolism plays a crucial role in tuber degradation by coordinating the source-sink relationship. The contents of starch and sucrose, and the C:N ratio, are dramatically reduced in degradating tubers. Transcriptomic study showed that "carbohydrate metabolic processes" are Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with tuber degradation. A polysaccharide degradation-related gene, LOC102601831, and a sugar transport gene, LOC102587850 (SWEET6a), are dramatically up-regulated in degradating tubers according to transcriptomic analysis, as validated by qRT-PCT. The terms "peptidase inhibitor activity" and "hydrolase activity" refer to the changes in molecular functions that degradating tubers exhibit. Nitrogen supplementation during potato development alleviates tuber degradation to a certain degree. This study provides novel insight into potato tuber development and possible management strategies for improving potato cultivation.

SUBMITTER: Jia L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8758968 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Plants are often challenged by an array of unfavorable environmental conditions. During cold exposure, many changes occur that include, for example, the stabilization of cell membranes, alterations in gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as the accumulation of metabolites. In the presented study, the carbohydrate metabolism was analyzed in the very early response of plants to a low temperature (2 °C) in the leaves of 5-week-old potato plants of the Russet Burbank cultivar during the first 12 h of cold treatment (2 h dark and 10 h light). First, some plant stress indicators were examined and it was shown that short-term cold exposure did not significantly affect the relative water content and chlorophyll content (only after 12 h), but caused an increase in malondialdehyde concentration and a decrease in the expression of NDA1, a homolog of the NADH dehydrogenase gene. In addition, it was shown that the content of transitory starch increased transiently in the very early phase of the plant response (3-6 h) to cold treatment, and then its decrease was observed after 12 h. In contrast, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose were significantly increased only at the end of the light period, where a decrease in sucrose content was observed. The availability of the monosaccharides at constitutively high levels, regardless of the temperature, may delay the response to cold, involving amylolytic starch degradation in chloroplasts. The decrease in starch content, observed in leaves after 12 h of cold exposure, was preceded by a dramatic increase in the transcript levels of the key enzymes of starch degradation initiation, the α-glucan, water dikinase (GWD-EC 2.7.9.4) and the phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD-EC 2.7.9.5). The gene expression of both dikinases peaked at 9 h of cold exposure, as analyzed by real-time PCR. Moreover, enhanced activities of the acid invertase as well as of both glucan phosphorylases during exposure to a chilling temperature were observed. However, it was also noticed that during the light phase, there was a general increase in glucan phosphorylase activities for both control and cold-stressed plants irrespective of the temperature. In conclusion, a short-term cold treatment alters the carbohydrate metabolism in the leaves of potato, which leads to an increase in the content of soluble sugars.

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Potato tuber degradation is regulated by carbohydrate metabolism: Results of transcriptomic analysis.

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