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Presence of a Mitovirus Is Associated with Alteration of the Mitochondrial Proteome, as Revealed by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and Co-Expression Network Models in Chenopodium quinoa Plants.

ABSTRACT: Plant mitoviruses belong to Mitoviridae family and consist of positive single-stranded RNA genomes replicating exclusively in host mitochondria. We previously reported the biological characterization of a replicating plant mitovirus, designated Chenopodium quinoa mitovirus 1 (CqMV1), in some Chenopodium quinoa accessions. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial proteome from leaves of quinoa, infected and not infected by CqMV1. Furthermore, by protein-protein interaction and co-expression network models, we provided a system perspective of how CqMV1 affects mitochondrial functionality. We found that CqMV1 is associated with changes in mitochondrial protein expression in a mild but well-defined way. In quinoa-infected plants, we observed up-regulation of functional modules involved in amino acid catabolism, mitochondrial respiratory chain, proteolysis, folding/stress response and redox homeostasis. In this context, some proteins, including BCE2 (lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex), DELTA-OAT (ornithine aminotransferase) and GR-RBP2 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 2) were interesting because all up-regulated and network hubs in infected plants; together with other hubs, including CAT (catalase) and APX3 (L-ascorbate peroxidase 3), they play a role in stress response and redox homeostasis. These proteins could be related to the higher tolerance degree to drought we observed in CqMV1-infected plants. Although a specific causative link could not be established by our experimental approach at this stage, the results suggest a new mechanistic hypothesis that demands further in-depth functional studies.

SUBMITTER: Di Silvestre D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8773257 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Indirect evidence of mitochondrial viruses in plants comes from discovery of genomic fragments integrated into the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of a number of plant species. Here, we report the existence of replicating mitochondrial virus in plants: from transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data of infected Chenopodium quinoa, a plant species commonly used as a test plant in virus host range experiments, among other virus contigs, we could assemble a 2.7-kb contig that had highest similarity to mitoviruses found in plant genomes. Northern blot analyses confirmed the existence of plus- and minus-strand RNA corresponding to the mitovirus genome. No DNA corresponding to the genomic RNA was detected, excluding the endogenization of such virus. We have tested a number of C. quinoa accessions, and the virus was present in a number of commercial varieties but absent from a large collection of Bolivian and Peruvian accessions. The virus could not be transmitted mechanically or by grafting, but it is transmitted vertically through seeds at a 100% rate. Small RNA analysis of a C. quinoa line carrying the mitovirus and infected by alfalfa mosaic virus showed that the typical antiviral silencing response active against cytoplasmic viruses (21- to 22-nucleotide [nt] vsRNA peaks) is not active against CqMV1, since in this specific case the longest accumulating vsRNA length is 16 nt, which is the same as that corresponding to RNA from mitochondrial genes. This is evidence of a distinct viral RNA degradation mechanism active inside mitochondria that also may have an antiviral effect.IMPORTANCE This paper reports the first biological characterization of a bona fide plant mitovirus in an important crop, Chenopodium quinoa, providing data supporting that mitoviruses have the typical features of cryptic (persistent) plant viruses. We, for the first time, demonstrate that plant mitoviruses are associated with mitochondria in plants. In contrast to fungal mitoviruses, plant mitoviruses are not substantially affected by the antiviral silencing pathway, and the most abundant mitovirus small RNA length is 16 nt.

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Presence of a Mitovirus Is Associated with Alteration of the Mitochondrial Proteome, as Revealed by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and Co-Expression Network Models in Chenopodium quinoa Plants.

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