Bi/mZVI Combined with Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate to Mineralize Multiple Sulfa Antibiotics: Performance and Mechanism.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Su X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8773326 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The crystal structure of sodium dipotassium citrate, Na(+)·2K(+)·C6H5O7 (3-), has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The Na(+) and one of the K(+) cations are six-coordinate, with bond-valence sums of 1.13 and 0.92 valence units, respectively, while another crystallographically independent K(+) cation is seven-coordinate with a bond-valence sum of 1.20. The [KO6] and [KO7] polyhedra share edges and corners to form layers perpendicular to the b axis. The distorted [NaO6] octa-hedra share edges to form chains along the a axis. The result is a three-dimensional network. The only O-H⋯O hydrogen bond is an intra-molecular one between the hy-droxy group and a terminal carboxyl-ate group.
| S-EPMC4778822 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The sodium-dependent citrate transporter of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpCitS) belongs to the 2-hydroxycarboxylate transporter (2-HCT) family and allows the cell to use citrate as sole carbon and energy source in anaerobic conditions. Here we present crystal structures of KpCitS in citrate-bound outward-facing, citrate-bound asymmetric, and citrate-free inward-facing state. The structures reveal that the KpCitS dimerization domain remains stationary throughout the transport cycle due to a hydrogen bond network as well as extensive hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, its transport domain undergoes a ~35° rigid-body rotation and a ~17 Å translocation perpendicular to the membrane to expose the substrate-binding site alternately to either side of the membrane. Furthermore, homology models of two other 2-HCT proteins based on the KpCitS structure offer structural insights into their differences in substrate specificity at a molecular level. On the basis of our results and previous biochemical data, we propose that the activity of the 2-HCT CitS involves an elevator-like movement in which the transport domain itself traverses the lipid bilayer, carrying the substrate into the cell in a sodium-dependent manner.
| S-EPMC5451387 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design was used to investigate whether two different sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-CIT) supplementation protocols improve 200 m swimming performance in adolescent swimmers.Ten, male swimmers (14.9?±?0.4 years of age; 63.5?±?4 kg) performed four 200 m time trials with the following treatments: acute (ACU) supplementation (0.5 g kg(-1) administered 120 min pre-trial), acute placebo (PLC-A), chronic (CHR) supplementation (0.1 g?kg(-1) for three days and 0.3 g kg(-1) on the forth day 120 min pre-trial), and chronic placebo (PLC-C). The order of the trials was randomized, with at least a six-day wash-out period between trials. Blood samples were collected by finger prick pre-ingestion, 100 min post-ingestion, and 3 min post-trial. Performance time, rate of perceived exertion, pH, base excess, bicarbonate and lactate concentration were measured.Post-ingestion bicarbonate and base excess were higher (P?<?0.05) in both the ACU and CHR trials compared to placebo showing adequate pre-exercise alkalosis. However, performance time, rate of perceived exertion as well as post-trial pH and lactate concentration were not significantly different between trials. Further analysis revealed that five swimmers, identified as responders, improved their performance time by 1.03% (P?<?0.05) and attained higher post-trial lactate concentrations in the ACU versus PLC-A trial (P?<?0.05). They also had significantly higher post-trial lactate concentrations compared to the non-responders in the ACU and CHR trials.Acute supplementation of Na-CIT prior to 200 m swimming performance led to a modest time improvement and higher blood lactate concentrations in only half of the swimmers while the chronic Na-CIT supplementation did not provide any ergogenic effect in this group of adolescent swimmers.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01835912.
| S-EPMC4061773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The crystal structure of sodium potassium hydrogen citrate has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. The Na(+) cation is six-coordinate, with a bond-valence sum of 1.17. The K(+) cation is also six-coordinate, with a bond-valence sum of 1.08. The distorted [NaO6] octahedra share edges, forming chains along the a axis. The likewise distorted [KO6] octahedra share edges with the [NaO6] octahedra on either side of the chain, and share corners with other [KO6] octahedra, resulting in triple chains along the a axis. The most prominent feature of the structure is the chain along [111] of very short, very strong hydrogen bonds; the O⋯O distances are 2.414 and 2.400 Å. The Mulliken overlap populations in these hydrogen bonds are 0.138 and 0.142 e, which correspond to hydrogen-bond energies of 20.3 and 20.6 kcal mol(-1).
| S-EPMC4770952 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Citric acid is mainly produced in the fermentation industry, which needs complex processes and produces a high amount of CaSO4 as waste. In this study, CO2 has been used to convert calcium citrate to citric acid and CaCO3 by controlling the reaction parameters (reactants ratio, temperature, and pressure). The CaCO3 produced in this conversion could further be used in the fermentation industry for citric acid production. The transformation condition has been optimized by controlling temperature, pressure, reaction time, and mass ratio of calcium citrate and water. The highest conversion could reach up to 94.7% under optimal experimental conditions of 18 MPa of pressure, 65 °C of reaction temperature, 4 h of reaction time, and 2 g/L of calcium citrate/water suspension solution. This method features simple process, easy separation of citric acid, and environmentally friendly process, which could be a potentially alternative route for downstream treatment in fermentation production of citric acid.
| S-EPMC8757331 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:To our knowledge no medication has been shown to be effective for preventing recurrent calcium phosphate urinary stones. Potassium citrate may protect against calcium phosphate stones by enhancing urine citrate excretion and lowering urine calcium but it raises urine pH, which increases calcium phosphate saturation and may negate the beneficial effects. Citric acid can potentially raise urine citrate but not pH and, thus, it may be a useful countermeasure against calcium phosphate stones. We assessed whether these 2 agents could significantly alter urine composition and reduce calcium phosphate saturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In a crossover metabolic study 13 recurrent calcium phosphate stone formers without hypercalciuria were evaluated at the end of 3, 1-week study phases during which they consumed a fixed metabolic diet and received assigned study medications, including citric acid 30 mEq twice daily, potassium citrate 20 mEq twice daily or matching placebo. We collected 24-hour urine specimens to perform urine chemistry studies and calculate calcium phosphate saturation indexes. RESULTS:Urine parameters did not significantly differ between the citric acid and placebo phases. Potassium citrate significantly increased urine pH, potassium and citrate compared to citric acid and placebo (p <0.01) with a trend toward lower urine calcium (p = 0.062). Brushite saturation was increased by potassium citrate when calculated by the relative supersaturation ratio but not by the saturation index. CONCLUSIONS:Citric acid at a dose of 60 mEq per day did not significantly alter urine composition in calcium phosphate stone formers. The long-term impact of potassium citrate on calcium phosphate stone recurrence needs to be studied further.
| S-EPMC6300162 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development of bacterial resistance is an insistent global health care issue, especially in light of the dwindled supply of new antimicrobial agents. This mandates the development of new innovative approaches to overcome the resistance development obstacle. Mitigation of bacterial virulence is an interesting approach that offers multiple advantages. Employing safe chemicals or drugs to mitigate bacterial virulence is an additive advantage. In the current study, the in vitro antivirulence activities of citrate were evaluated. Significantly, sodium citrate inhibited bacterial biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations. Furthermore, sodium citrate decreased the production of virulence factors protease and pyocyanin and diminished bacterial motility. Quorum sensing (QS) is the communicative system that bacterial cells utilize to communicate with each other and regulate the virulence of the host cells. In the present study, citrate in silico blocked the Pseudomonas QS receptors and downregulated the expression of QS-encoding genes. In conclusion, sodium citrate showed a significant ability to diminish bacterial virulence in vitro and interfered with QS; it could serve as a safe adjuvant to traditional antibiotic treatment for aggressive resistant bacterial infections such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
| S-EPMC9145658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In order to improve the quality of squid surimi products, squid surimi gels were prepared using several types of organic salts under two heating conditions to study the effects of organic salts on squid gel properties. Compared with the NaCl group, organic salts reduced the solubilization capacity of myofibrillar protein, and significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the breaking force, breaking distance, texture, and water-holding capacity of the gel were observed in the sodium gluconate group, while significant (p < 0.05) increases in the breaking force, breaking distance, texture, and water-holding capacity of the gel were observed in the sodium citrate and sodium tartrate groups. Although the mixed addition of NaCl and organic salt improved surimi gel quality, the effective improvement was still lower than that of only organic salt. Rheological properties indicated that sodium citrate and sodium tartrate had high viscoelasticity. The squid surimi gel prepared by direct heating exhibited better properties than gels prepared by two-step heating. The chemical force of squid gel prepared with sodium citrate and sodium tartrate formed a stronger matrix than the gels prepared with other salts. For color, the addition of sodium citrate resulted in an undesirable color of squid surimi gels, while the addition of sodium tartrate improved the whiteness of the surimi gel. The results showed that the quality of surimi gel was dependent upon the choice of heating method and the types of salt used. Sodium citrate and sodium tartrate could significantly improve the gel properties of squid surimi. This study provides reliable guidance for improving the overall quality of squid surimi gels.
| S-EPMC8775022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRegional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is an important local anticoagulation method during bedside continuous renal replacement therapy. To improve patient safety and achieve computer assisted dose monitoring and control, we took intensive care units patients into cohort and aiming at developing a data-driven machine learning model to give early warning of citric acid overdose and provide adjustment suggestions on citrate pumping rate and 10% calcium gluconate input rate for RCA treatment.MethodsPatient age, gender, pumped citric acid dose value, 5% NaHCO3 solvent, replacement fluid solvent, body temperature value, and replacement fluid PH value as clinical features, models attempted to classify patients who received regional citrate anticoagulation into correct outcome category. Four models, Adaboost, XGBoost, support vector machine (SVM) and shallow neural network, were compared on the performance of predicting outcomes. Prediction results were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score.ResultsFor classifying patients at the early stages of citric acid treatment, the accuracy of neutral networks model is higher than Adaboost, XGBoost and SVM, the F1-score of shallow neutral networks (90.77%) is overall outperformed than other models (88.40%, 82.17% and 88.96% for Adaboost, XGBoost and SVM). Extended experiment and validation were further conducted using the MIMIC-III database, the F1-scores for shallow neutral networks, Adaboost, XGBoost and SVM are 80.00%, 80.46%, 80.37% and 78.90%, the AUCs are 0.8638, 0.8086, 0.8466 and 0.7919 respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated the feasibility and performance of machine learning methods for monitoring and adjusting local regional citrate anticoagulation, and further provide decision-making recommendations to clinicians point-of-care.
| S-EPMC8323216 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and study aimsPolyethylene glycol-based electrolyte solutions (PEG-ELS) and the combination of sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate (SPMC) are commonly used bowel preparation agents. The aim of the present study was to compare the two agents with regard to cleansing efficacy and tolerance among individuals scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy.Materials and methodsThe 368 colonoscopy outpatients at three Norwegian hospitals were randomized to bowel lavage with either PEG-ELS or SPMC. Compliance and patient tolerance were evaluated using a patient questionnaire. Bowel cleansing was evaluated using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Quality Scale (OBPS), a validated scoring system with scores between 0 (best) and 14.ResultsThere was no difference in the cleansing quality between the PEG-ELS and SPMC groups (median OBPS 5.0 in both groups). The group that received SPMC reported better overall patient tolerance than the PEG-ELS group (72.6 % vs 59.0 % reporting no or slight discomfort, P < 0.01). Compliance with the recommended total fluid intake (4 L) was better in the SPMC group than in the PEG-ELS group (94.2 % vs 81.2 % respectively, P < 0.01); moreover, the polyp detection rate was superior (34.3 % vs 23.3 %, P = 0.02).ConclusionPEG-ELS and SPMC are equally effective in cleansing efficacy, but SPMC was better tolerated by patients and resulted in superior patient compliance and polyp detection rate.Clinical trial registrationNCT01624454.
| S-EPMC4423298 | biostudies-literature