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Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking.

ABSTRACT: Soft tissues located throughout the human body are known to perform substantial mechanical work through wobbling and deforming, particularly following foot impacts with the ground. Yet, it is not known which specific tissues in the body are responsible for the majority of the soft tissue work. The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the soft tissue work after foot contact was due to the foot and shoe, vs. from tissues elsewhere in the body, and how this distribution of work changed with walking speed and slope. We collected ground reaction forces and whole-body kinematics while ten subjects walked at five speeds (0.8-1.6 m/s) and on seven different slopes (9 degrees downhill to 9 degrees uphill). Using a previously-published Energy-Accounting analysis, we found that the majority of the soft tissue work during early stance was due to deformation of the foot and shoe. The percentage of work did not vary significantly with speed but did vary significantly with slope. The foot and shoe were responsible for ∼60-70% of the soft tissue work during level and uphill walking, and 80-90% during downhill walking.

SUBMITTER: Honert EC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8777387 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking.

Honert Eric C EC Zelik Karl E KE

Human movement science 20190213

Soft tissues located throughout the human body are known to perform substantial mechanical work through wobbling and deforming, particularly following foot impacts with the ground. Yet, it is not known which specific tissues in the body are responsible for the majority of the soft tissue work. The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the soft tissue work after foot contact was due to the foot and shoe, vs. from tissues elsewhere in the body, and how this distribution of work changed ...[more]

PMID: 30769210

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Project description:BACKGROUND:This study evaluated the 3D angle between the joint moment and the joint angular velocity vectors at the intrinsic foot joints, and investigated if these joints are predominantly driven or stabilized during gait. METHODS:The participants were 20 asymptomatic subjects. A four-segment kinetic foot model was used to calculate and estimate intrinsic foot joint moments, powers and angular velocities during gait. 3D angles between the joint moment and the joint angular velocity vectors were calculated for the intrinsic foot joints defined as follows: ankle joint motion described between the foot and the shank for the one-segment foot model (hereafter referred as Ankle), and between the calcaneus and the shank for the multi-segment foot model (hereafter referred as Shank-Calcaneus); joint motion described between calcaneus and midfoot segments (hereafter referred as Chopart joint); joint motion described between midfoot and metatarsus segments (hereafter referred as Lisfranc joint); joint motion described between first phalanx and first metatarsal (hereafter referred as First Metatarso-Phalangeal joint). When the vectors were approximately aligned, the moment was considered to result in propulsion (3D angle <60o) or resistance (3D angle >120o) at the joint. When the vectors are approximately orthogonal (3D angle close to 90°), the moment was considered to stabilize the joint. RESULTS:The results showed that the four intrinsic joints of the foot are never fully propelling, resisting or being stabilized, but are instead subject to a combination of stabilization with propulsion or resistance during the majority of the stance phase of gait. However, the results also show that during pre-swing all four the joints are subject to moments that result purely in propulsion. At heel off, the propulsive configuration appears for the Lisfranc joint first at terminal stance, then for the other foot joints at pre-swing in the following order: Ankle, Chopart joint and First Metatarso-Phalangeal joint. CONCLUSIONS:Intrinsic foot joints adopt a stabilized-resistive configuration during the majority of the stance phase, with the exception of pre-swing during which all joints were found to adopt a propulsive configuration. The notion of stabilization, resistance and propulsion should be further investigated in subjects with foot and ankle disorders.

Dataset Information

Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking.

Publications

Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking.

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