Levosimendan for VA-ECMO weaning: the silver lining.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kaddoura R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8788139 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock has increased significantly. Nevertheless, early weaning may be advisable to reduce the potential for severe complications. Only a few studies focusing on ECMO weaning predictors are currently available. Our objective was to evaluate factors that may help predict failure during VA ECMO weaning. We included 57 patients on VA ECMO support previously considered suitable for weaning based on specific criteria. Clinical, haemato-chemical and echocardiographic assessment was considered before and after a "weaning test" (ECMO flow < 2 L/min for at least 60 min). ECMO removal was left to the discretion of the medical team blinded to the results. Weaning failure was defined as a patient who died or required a new VA ECMO, heart transplant or LVAD 30 days after ECMO removal. Thirty-six patients (63.2%) were successfully weaned off VA ECMO, of whom 31 (54.4%) after the first weaning test. In case of first test failure, 3 out of 7 patients could be weaned after a 2nd test and 3 out of 4 patients after a 3rd test. Pre-existing ischemic heart disease (OR 9.6 [1.1-83]), pre-test left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 25% and/or post-test LVEF ≤ 40% (OR 11 [0.98-115]), post-test systolic blood pressure ≤ 120 mmHg (OR 33 [3-385]), or length of ECMO support > 7 days (OR 24 [2-269]) were predictors of weaning failure. The VA ECMO weaning test failed in less than 40% of patients considered suitable for weaning. Clinical and echocardiographic criteria, which are easily accessible by a non-expert intensivist, may help increase the probability of successful weaning.
| S-EPMC9381562 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly being used in circulatory failure. The main indications are cardiogenic shock, post-cardiotomy cardiac failure, and refractory cardiac arrest. However, VA-ECMO weaning is particularly challenging, and weaning failure is reported to be as high as 50%, with increased related mortality. Levosimendan is a novel long acting effect inodilator used in cardiogenic shock and terminal heart failure decompensation. Levosimendan use in VA-ECMO patients seems to reduce weaning failure regardless of the initial aetiology and to reduce mortality when administrated early after VA-ECMO initiation. However, studies are limited to retrospective analyses and reported case series. The aim of the WEANILEVO trial is to evaluate whether administration of levosimendan before VA-ECMO weaning is associated with a reduced rates of weaning failure and recourse to other temporary circulatory support.Methods and resultsWEANILEVO is a randomized, prospective, multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled trial. One hundred eighty patients will be enrolled if they had acute circulatory heart failure treated with VA-ECMO and for whom weaning is expected within 48 h. The study drugs are either levosimendan (0.2 μg/kg/min for 24 h) or a placebo. The primary endpoint of the trial is the absence of VA-ECMO weaning, recourse to another VA-ECMO, or other temporary circulatory assistance or death within 7 days of VA-ECMO weaning.ConclusionsLevosimendan use in VA-ECMO appears to be beneficial for reducing weaning failure and mortality. The results of WEANILEVO should significantly influence decisions regarding the use of levosimendan for VA-ECMO weaning.
| S-EPMC8318420 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVeno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly adopted for the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). However, a marker of successful weaning remains largely unknown. Our hypothesis was that successful weaning is associated with sustained microcirculatory function during ECMO flow reduction. Therefore, we sought to test the usefulness of microcirculatory imaging in the same sublingual spot, using incident dark field (IDF) imaging in assessing successful weaning from VA-ECMO and compare IDF imaging with echocardiographic parameters.MethodsWeaning was performed by decreasing the VA-ECMO flow to 50% (F50) from the baseline. The endpoint of the study was successful VA-ECMO explantation within 48 hours after weaning. The response of sublingual microcirculation to a weaning attempt (WA) was evaluated. Microcirculation was measured in one sublingual area (single spot (ss)) using CytoCam IDF imaging during WA. Total vessel density (TVDss) and perfused vessel density (PVDss) of the sublingual area were evaluated before and during 50% flow reduction (TVDssF50, PVDssF50) after a WA and compared to conventional echocardiographic parameters as indicators of the success or failure of the WA.ResultsPatients (n = 13) aged 49 ± 18 years, who received VA-ECMO for the treatment of refractory CS due to pulmonary embolism (n = 5), post cardiotomy (n = 3), acute coronary syndrome (n = 2), myocarditis (n = 2) and drug intoxication (n = 1), were included. TVDssF50 (21.9 vs 12.9 mm/mm2, p = 0.001), PVDssF50 (19.7 vs 12.4 mm/mm2, p = 0.01) and aortic velocity-time integral (VTI) at 50% flow reduction (VTIF50) were higher in patients successfully weaned vs not successfully weaned. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.99 vs 0.93 vs 0.85 for TVDssF50 (small vessels) >12.2 mm/mm2, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >15% and aortic VTI >11 cm. Likewise, the AUC was 0.91 vs 0.93 vs 0.85 for the PVDssF50 (all vessels) >14.8 mm/mm2, LVEF >15% and aortic VTI >11 cm.ConclusionThis study identified sublingual microcirculation as a novel potential marker for identifying successful weaning from VA-ECMO. Sustained values of TVDssF50 and PVDssF50 were found to be specific and sensitive indicators of successful weaning from VA-ECMO as compared to echocardiographic parameters.
| S-EPMC5658964 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVeno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has been increasingly used over the last decade in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. ECMO weaning can, however, be challenging and lead to circulatory failure and death. Recent data suggest a potential benefit of levosimendan for ECMO weaning. We sought to further investigate whether the use of levosimendan could decrease the rate of ECMO weaning failure in adult patients with refractory cardiogenic shock.MethodsWe performed an observational single-center cohort study. All patients undergoing VA-ECMO from January 2012 to December 2018 were eligible and divided into two groups: group levosimendan and group control (without levosimendan). The primary endpoint was VA-ECMO weaning failure defined as death during VA-ECMO treatment or within 24 h after VA-ECMO removal. Secondary outcomes were mortality at day 28 and at 6 months. The two groups were compared after propensity score matching. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTwo hundred patients were analyzed (levosimendan group: n = 53 and control group: n = 147). No significant difference was found between groups on baseline characteristics except for ECMO duration, which was longer in the levosimendan group (10.6 ± 4.8 vs. 6.5 ± 4.7 days, p < 0.001). Levosimendan administration started 6.6 ± 5.4 days on average following ECMO implantation. After matching of 48 levosimendan patients to 78 control patients, the duration of ECMO was similar in both groups. The rate of weaning failure was 29.1% and 35.4% in levosimendan and control groups, respectively (OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.25-1.88). No significant difference was found between groups for all secondary outcomes.ConclusionLevosimendan did not improve the rate of successful VA-ECMO weaning in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04323709 .
| S-EPMC7367381 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Venovenous (VV) and venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are effective support modalities to treat critically ill patients. ECMO-associated hemolysis remains a serious complication. The aim was to disclose similarities and differences in VA- and VV ECMO-associated hemolysis. This is a retrospective single-center analysis (January 2012 to September 2018) including 1,063 adult consecutive patients (VA, n = 606; VV, n = 457). Severe hemolysis (free plasma hemoglobin, fHb > 500 mg/l) during therapy occurred in 4% (VA) and 2% (VV) (p≤0.001). VV ECMO showed significantly more hemolysis by pump head thrombosis (PHT) compared to VA ECMO (9% vs. 2%; p≤0.001). Pretreatments (ECPR, cardiac surgery) of patients who required VA ECMO caused high fHb pre levels which aggravates the proof of ECMO-induced hemolysis (median (interquartile range), VA: fHb pre: 225.0 (89.3-458.0); VV: fHb pre: 72.0 (42.0-138.0); p≤0.001). The survival rate to discharge from hospital differed depending on ECMO type (40% (VA) vs. 63% (VV); p≤0.001). Hemolysis was dominant in VA ECMO patients, mainly caused by different indications and not by the ECMO support itself. PHT was the most severe form of ECMO-induced hemolysis that occurs in both therapies with low frequency, but more commonly in VV ECMO due to prolonged support time.
| S-EPMC6984694 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9121566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used in patients with critical cardiopulmonary failure. To investigate the association between hospital VA-ECMO procedure volume and outcomes in a large, nationwide registry.MethodsBy using administrative data from the German Federal Health Monitoring System, we analyzed all VA-ECMO procedures performed in Germany from 2013 to 2016 regarding the association of procedural volumes with outcomes and complications.ResultsDuring the study period, 10,207 VA-ECMO procedures were performed; mean age was 61?years, 43.4% had prior CPR, and 71.2% were male patients. Acute coronary syndrome was the primary diagnosis for VA-ECMO implantation (n?=?6202, 60.8%). The majority of implantations (n?=?5421) were performed at hospitals in the lowest volume category (??50 implantations per year). There was a significant association between annualized volume of VA-ECMO procedures and 30-day in-hospital mortality for centers with lower vs. higher volume per year. Multivariable logistic regression showed an increased 30-day in-hospital mortality at hospitals with the lowest volume category (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.27, p?=?0.034). Similarly, higher likelihood for complications was observed at hospitals with lower vs. higher annual VA-ECMO volume (adjusted odds ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.29-1.66, p?=?0.001).ConclusionsIn this analysis of more than 10,000 VA-ECMO procedures for cardiogenic shock, the majority of implantations were performed at hospitals with the lowest annual volume. Thirty-day in-hospital mortality and likelihood for complications were higher at hospitals with the lowest annual VA-ECMO volume.
| S-EPMC7275456 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation has a high risk of acute brain injury and resultant mortality. Transcranial Doppler characterizes cerebral hemodynamics in real time, but limited data exist on its interpretation in ECMO. Here, we report TCD mean flow velocity and pulsatility index in a large ECMO population.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study at a tertiary care center. The patients were adults on venoarterial ECMO or venovenous ECMO undergoing TCD studies.ResultsA total of 135 patients underwent a total of 237 TCD studies while on VA-ECMO (n = 95, 70.3%) or VV-ECMO (n = 40, 29.6%). MFVs were captured reliably (approximately 90%) and were similar to a published healthy cohort in all vessels except the internal carotid artery. Presence of a recordable PI was strongly associated with ECMO mode (57% in VA vs. 95% in VV, p < 0.001). Absence of TCD pulsatility was associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (14.7 vs. 1.6%, p = 0.03) in VA-ECMO patients.ConclusionsTranscranial Doppler analysis in a single-center cohort of VA-ECMO and VV-ECMO patients demonstrates similar MFVs and PIs. Absence of PIs was associated with a higher frequency of intraparenchymal hemorrhage and a composite bleeding event. However, cautious interpretation and external validation is necessary for these findings with a multicenter study with a larger sample size.
| S-EPMC9744662 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLeft ventricular free wall rupture, particularly the blowout type, is still one of the most lethal complications of myocardial infarction and can cause catastrophic cardiac tamponade. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often used to treat haemodynamic instability due to cardiac tamponade. However, elevated pericardial pressure can cause collapse of the right atrium, resulting in inadequate ECMO inflow and preventing the stabilisation of the circulation. Further, it can interfere with the venous return from the superior vena cava (SVC), increasing the intracranial pressure and reducing cerebral perfusion levels.Case presentationA 65-year-old man was hospitalised for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We used ECMO for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After the establishment of ECMO, transthoracic echocardiography and left ventriculography revealed massive pericardial effusion. The treatment was supplemented with pericardial drainage since ECMO flow was frequently hampered by suction events. However, the blowout rupture led to the requirement of constant drainage from the pericardial catheter. To tend to this leak, we connected the venous cannula of ECMO and the pericardial drainage catheter. The surgery was performed with stable circulation without suction failure of ECMO. During the course of the intensive care management, the neurological prognosis of the patient was revealed to be poor, and the patient was shifted to palliative care. Unfortunately, the patient died on day 10 of hospitalisation.ConclusionWe present a case wherein the combination of pericardial drainage and ECMO was used to maintain circulation in a patient with massive pericardial effusion due to cardiac rupture.
| S-EPMC10469429 | biostudies-literature