Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Rhizosphere Microbiome Recruited From Compost Synergistically Determined by Plant Species and Compost.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8792965 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Suppressive composts represent a sustainable approach to combat soilborne plant pathogens and an alternative to the ineffective chemical fungicides used against those. Nevertheless, suppressiveness to plant pathogens and reliability of composts are often inconsistent with unpredictable effects. While suppressiveness is usually attributed to the compost's microorganisms, the mechanisms governing microbial recruitment by the roots and the composition of selected microbial communities are not fully elucidated. Herein, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of a compost on tomato plant growth and its suppressiveness against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Foxl) and Verticillium dahliae (Vd). First, growth parameters of tomato plants grown in sterile peat-based substrates including 20 and 30% sterile compost (80P/20C-ST and 70P/30C-ST) or non-sterile compost (80P/20C and 70P/30C) were evaluated in a growth room experiment. Plant height, total leaf surface, and fresh and dry weight of plants grown in the non-sterile compost mixes were increased compared to the plants grown in the sterile compost substrates, indicating the plant growth promoting activity of the compost's microorganisms. Subsequently, compost's suppressiveness against Foxl and Vd was evaluated with pathogenicity experiments on tomato plants grown in 70P/30C-ST and 70P/30C substrates. Disease intensity was significantly less in plants grown in the non-sterile compost than in those grown in the sterile compost substrate; AUDPC was 2.3- and 1.4-fold less for Foxl and Vd, respectively. Moreover, fungal quantification in planta demonstrated reduced colonization in plants grown in the non-sterile mixture. To further investigate these findings, we characterized the culturable microbiome attracted by the roots compared to the unplanted compost. Bacteria and fungi isolated from unplanted compost and the rhizosphere of plants were sequence-identified. Community-level analysis revealed differential microbial communities between the compost and the rhizosphere, suggesting a clear effect of the plant in the microbiome assembly. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were highly enriched in the rhizosphere whereas Firmicutes were strongly represented in both compartments with Bacillus being the most abundant species. Our results shed light on the composition of a microbial consortium that could protect plants against the wilt pathogens of tomato and improve plant overall health.
| S-EPMC5712882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial communities associated with plant roots play an important role in the suppression of soil-borne pathogens, and multispecies probiotic consortia may enhance disease suppression efficacy. Here we introduced defined Pseudomonas species consortia into naturally complex microbial communities and measured the importance of Pseudomonas community diversity for their survival and the suppression of the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in the tomato rhizosphere microbiome. The survival of introduced Pseudomonas consortia increased with increasing diversity. Further, high Pseudomonas diversity reduced pathogen density in the rhizosphere and decreased the disease incidence due to both intensified resource competition and interference with the pathogen. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into elevated pathogen suppression by diverse probiotic consortia in naturally diverse plant rhizospheres. Ecologically based community assembly rules could thus play a key role in engineering functionally reliable microbiome applications.ImportanceThe increasing demand for food supply requires more-efficient control of plant diseases. The use of probiotics, i.e., naturally occurring bacterial antagonists and competitors that suppress pathogens, has recently reemerged as a promising alternative to agrochemical use. It is, however, still unclear how many and which strains we should choose for constructing effective probiotic consortia. Here we present a general ecological framework for assembling effective probiotic communities based on in vitro characterization of community functioning. Specifically, we show that increasing the diversity of probiotic consortia enhances community survival in the naturally diverse rhizosphere microbiome, leading to increased pathogen suppression via intensified resource competition and interference with the pathogen. We propose that these ecological guidelines can be put to the test in microbiome engineering more widely in the future.
| S-EPMC5156302 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSoil fertility is a major determinant of plant-microbial interactions, thus, directly and indirectly affecting crop productivity and ecosystem functions. In this study, we analysed for the first time the effects of fertilizer addition on the cropping of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) with particular attention to the taxonomic and functional characteristics of their associated soil microbiota.MethodsWe tested the effects of different doses of inorganic fertilization differing in the amount of N:P:K namely IT1 (300:100:100); IT2 (300:200:100); IT3 (300:200:200); and IT4 (600:100:100) (ppm N:P:K ratio) and organic fertilization (compost tea) which reached at the end of the assay the dose of 300 ppm N.Results and discussionPurslane growth and soil quality parameters and their microbial community structure, abundance of fungal functional groups and prevailing bacterial metabolic functions were monitored. The application of compost tea and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the purslane shoot biomass, and some soil chemical properties such as pH and soil enzymatic activities related to C, N and P biogeochemical cycles. The bacterial and fungal community compositions were significantly affected by the organic and chemical fertilizers input. The majority of inorganic fertilization treatments decreased the fungal and bacterial diversity as well as some predictive bacterial functional pathways.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the inorganic fertilization might lead to a change of microbial functioning. However, in order to get stronger evidence that supports the found pattern, longer time-frame experiments that ideally include sampling across different seasons are needed. Thus, further research is still needed to investigate the effects of fertilizations on purslane productivity under commercial field conditions.
| S-EPMC10159062 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Metagenomic has been explored in investigating microbiome diversity. However, there is limited available information on its application towards securing plant health. Hence, this study adopts the metagenomic approach to unravel the microbiome diversity associated with healthy (LI and MA) and Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) infected (LID and MAD) maize rhizosphere in the maize growing field at Lichtenburg and Mafikeng, North-West province of South Africa. The extraction of whole DNA from the respective healthy and diseased rhizosphere soils was conducted and sequenced using shotgun metagenomics. A total of 12 bacteria, 4 archaea and 2 fungal phyla were found as predominant across the fields with the use of the SEED subsystem database. The most predominant bacteria phyla included Proteobacteria, Dienococcus-Thermus, Gemmatimonadetes, Chlorobi, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes. Archaea consisted of Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Crenarchaeota and Korachaeota, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla. Microbial abundance and diversity were higher in the rhizosphere of healthy maize (LI and MA) rhizosphere as compared to the NCLB diseased (LID and MAD), in the order LI > MA > LID > MAD. At phylum and genus level, alpha diversity index showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the abundance of the microbial community of healthy and NCLB infected maize rhizosphere, while beta analysis produced a significant (p = 0.01) difference in the microbial diversity in the soil. Taken together, the study revealed that the abundance of microbial diversity in the maize rhizosphere influences the efficacy of the rhizosphere microbiome to modulate microbial functions towards managing and sustaining plant health.
| S-EPMC9677207 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rhizobacteria play an important role in bridging the soil and plant microbiomes and improving the health and growth of plants. In this study, the bacterial community structures and compositions of rhizosphere microbiomes associated with six plant species, representing two orders and three families of wild plants grown in the same field, were evaluated. The six plant species examined harbored a core and similar bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome, which was dominated by members of Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Xanthomonadales of Proteobacteria, Subgroup 4 of Acidobacteria, and Sphingobacteriales of Bacteroidetes. Plant species had a significant effect on the microbial composition and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance of the rhizosphere microbiome. Statistical analysis indicated a significant differential OTU richness (Chao1, p < 0.05) and bacterial diversity (Shannon index, p < 0.0001) of the rhizosphere microbiome at the plant species, genus, or families levels. The paralleled samples from the same plant species in the PCoA and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated a clear tendency to group together, although the samples were not strictly separated according to their taxonomic divergence at the family or order level. The CAP analysis revealed a great proportion (44.85%) of the variations on bacterial communities could be attributed to the plant species. The results demonstrated that largely conserved and taxonomically narrow bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome existed around the plant root. The bacterial communities and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome were significantly related to the plant taxa, at least at the species levels.
| S-EPMC6562120 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is a concerted understanding of the ability of root exudates to influence the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. However, our knowledge of the connection between plant development, root exudation and microbiome assemblage is limited. Here, we analyzed the structure of the rhizospheric bacterial community associated with Arabidopsis at four time points corresponding to distinct stages of plant development: seedling, vegetative, bolting and flowering. Overall, there were no significant differences in bacterial community structure, but we observed that the microbial community at the seedling stage was distinct from the other developmental time points. At a closer level, phylum such as Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and specific genera within those phyla followed distinct patterns associated with plant development and root exudation. These results suggested that the plant can select a subset of microbes at different stages of development, presumably for specific functions. Accordingly, metatranscriptomics analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome revealed that 81 unique transcripts were significantly (P<0.05) expressed at different stages of plant development. For instance, genes involved in streptomycin synthesis were significantly induced at bolting and flowering stages, presumably for disease suppression. We surmise that plants secrete blends of compounds and specific phytochemicals in the root exudates that are differentially produced at distinct stages of development to help orchestrate rhizosphere microbiome assemblage.
| S-EPMC3960538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPlants have evolved intimate interactions with soil microbes for a range of beneficial functions including nutrient acquisition, pathogen resistance and stress tolerance. Further understanding of this system is a promising way to advance sustainable agriculture by exploiting the versatile benefits offered by the plant microbiome. The rhizosphere is the interface between plant and soil, and functions as the first step of plant defense and root microbiome recruitment. It features a specialized microbial community, intensive microbe-plant and microbe-microbe interactions, and complex signal communication. To decipher the rhizosphere microbiome assembly of soybean (Glycine max), we comprehensively characterized the soybean rhizosphere microbial community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evaluated the structuring influence from both host genotype and soil source.ResultsComparison of the soybean rhizosphere to bulk soil revealed significantly different microbiome composition, microbe-microbe interactions and metabolic capacity. Soil type and soybean genotype cooperatively modulated microbiome assembly with soil type predominantly shaping rhizosphere microbiome assembly while host genotype slightly tuned this recruitment process. The undomesticated progenitor species, Glycine soja, had higher rhizosphere diversity in both soil types tested in comparison to the domesticated soybean genotypes. Rhizobium, Novosphingobium, Phenylobacterium, Streptomyces, Nocardioides, etc. were robustly enriched in soybean rhizosphere irrespective of the soil tested. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed dominant soil type effects and genotype specific preferences for key microbe-microbe interactions. Functional prediction results demonstrated converged metabolic capacity in the soybean rhizosphere between soil types and among genotypes, with pathways related to xenobiotic degradation, plant-microbe interactions and nutrient transport being greatly enriched in the rhizosphere.ConclusionThis comprehensive comparison of the soybean microbiome between soil types and genotypes expands our understanding of rhizosphere microbe assembly in general and provides foundational information for soybean as a legume crop for this assembly process. The cooperative modulating role of the soil type and host genotype emphasizes the importance of integrated consideration of soil condition and plant genetic variability for future development and application of synthetic microbiomes. Additionally, the detection of the tuning role by soybean genotype in rhizosphere microbiome assembly provides a promising way for future breeding programs to integrate host traits participating in beneficial microbiota assembly.
| S-EPMC6720100 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe rhizosphere microbiome, which is shaped by host genotypes, root exudates, and plant domestication, is crucial for sustaining agricultural plant growth. Despite its importance, how plant domestication builds up specific rhizosphere microbiomes and metabolic functions, as well as the importance of these affected rhizobiomes and relevant root exudates in maintaining plant growth, is not well understood. Here, we firstly investigated the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of domestication and wild accessions of tetraploid wheat using amplicon sequencing (16S and ITS) after 9 years of domestication process at the main production sites in China. We then explored the ecological roles of root exudation in shaping rhizosphere microbiome functions by integrating metagenomics and metabolic genomics approaches. Furthermore, we established evident linkages between root morphology traits and keystone taxa based on microbial culture and plant inoculation experiments.ResultsOur results suggested that plant rhizosphere microbiomes were co-shaped by both host genotypes and domestication status. The wheat genomes contributed more variation in the microbial diversity and composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities than fungal communities, whereas plant domestication status exerted much stronger influences on the fungal communities. In terms of microbial interkingdom association networks, domestication destabilized microbial network and depleted the abundance of keystone fungal taxa. Moreover, we found that domestication shifted the rhizosphere microbiome from slow growing and fungi dominated to fast growing and bacteria dominated, thereby resulting in a shift from fungi-dominated membership with enrichment of carbon fixation genes to bacteria-dominated membership with enrichment of carbon degradation genes. Metagenomics analyses further indicated that wild cultivars of wheat possess higher microbial function diversity than domesticated cultivars. Notably, we found that wild cultivar is able to harness rhizosphere microorganism carrying N transformation (i.e., nitrification, denitrification) and P mineralization pathway, whereas rhizobiomes carrying inorganic N fixation, organic N ammonification, and inorganic P solubilization genes are recruited by the releasing of root exudates from domesticated wheat. More importantly, our metabolite-wide association study indicated that the contrasting functional roles of root exudates and the harnessed keystone microbial taxa with different nutrient acquisition strategies jointly determined the aboveground plant phenotypes. Furthermore, we observed that although domesticated and wild wheats recruited distinct microbial taxa and relevant functions, domestication-induced recruitment of keystone taxa led to a consistent growth regulation of root regardless of wheat domestication status.ConclusionsOur results indicate that plant domestication profoundly influences rhizosphere microbiome assembly and metabolic functions and provide evidence that host plants are able to harness a differentiated ecological role of root-associated keystone microbiomes through the release of root exudates to sustain belowground multi-nutrient cycles and plant growth. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying plant-microbiome interactions and how to harness the rhizosphere microbiome for crop improvement in sustainable agriculture. Video Abstract.
| S-EPMC10064753 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It has been rarely questioned as to whether the enrichment of specific bacterial taxa found in the rhizosphere of a given plant species changes with different soil types under field conditions and under similar climatic conditions. Understanding tree microbiome interactions is essential because, in contrast to annual plants, tree species require decades to grow and strongly depend on the nutritive resources of the soil. In this context, we tested using a natural toposequence the hypothesis that beech trees select specific taxa and functions in their rhizosphere based on the soil conditions and their nutritive requirements. Our 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analyses revealed that the soil type determines the taxa colonizing the beech rhizosphere. A rhizosphere effect was observed in each soil type, but a stronger effect was observed in the nutrient-poor soils. Although the communities varied significantly across the toposequence, we identified a core beech rhizosphere microbiome. Functionally, GeoChip analyses showed a functional redundancy across the toposequence, with genes related to nutrient cycling and to the bacterial immune system being significantly enriched in the rhizosphere. Altogether, the data suggest that, regardless of the soil conditions, trees enrich variable bacterial communities to maintain the functions necessary for their nutrition.
| S-EPMC5574896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The medicinal value of the Ferula L. has been recognized for more than a thousand years. Wild stocks of Ferula have declined dramatically because high economic value has led to overharvesting. The objective of this study was to compare the rhizosphere microbial community of four Ferula species [F. syreitschikowii K.-Pol., F. gracilis (Ledeb.) Ledeb., F. ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov., and F. lehmannii Boiss.] in the northern part of Xinjiang, China. The 16S rRNA sequences of rhizosphere bacteria were obtained with an Illumina paired-end sequence platform. Analysis was conducted to determine the richness and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities. Two-way ANOVA indicated that plant species and soil depth had no significant effect on the alpha diversity of rhizobacteria. Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that F. lehmannii followed by F. ferulaeoides had the most biomarkers and the highest taxon level, F. syreitschikowii and F. gracilis the least, while F. syreitschikowii and F. gracilis had the least property. This trend is consistent with reports that the medicinal value of F. lehmannii and F. ferulaeoides is greater than that of F. gracilis and F. syreitschikowii. The results of this study provide information that could be used for the commercial cultivation of Ferula spp.
| S-EPMC5871818 | biostudies-other