Preventing obesity from early childhood.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Guo X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8801824 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:To determine the efficacy of fluoride varnish (5% NaF, Duraphat, Colgate) added to caregiver counseling to prevent early childhood caries, we conducted a two-year randomized, dental-examiner-masked clinical trial. Initially, 376 caries-free children, from low-income Chinese or Hispanic San Francisco families, were enrolled (mean age +/- standard deviation, 1.8 +/- 0.6 yrs). All families received counseling, and children were randomized to the following groups: no fluoride varnish, fluoride varnish once/year, or fluoride varnish twice/year. An unexpected protocol deviation resulted in some children receiving less active fluoride varnish than assigned. Intent-to-treat analyses showed a fluoride varnish protective effect in caries incidence, p < 0.01. Analyzing the number of actual, active fluoride varnish applications received resulted in a dose-response effect, p < 0.01. Caries incidence was higher for 'counseling only' vs. 'counseling + fluoride varnish assigned once/year' (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.19-4.08) and 'twice/year' (OR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.88-7.58). No related adverse events were reported. Fluoride varnish added to caregiver counseling is efficacious in reducing early childhood caries incidence.
| S-EPMC2257982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess feasibility and acceptability of a multifaceted, culturally appropriate intervention for preventing obesity in South Asian children, and to obtain data to inform sample size for a definitive trial.DesignPhase II feasibility study of a complex intervention.Setting8 primary schools in inner city Birmingham, UK, within populations that are predominantly South Asian.Participants1090 children aged 6-8 years took part in the intervention. 571 (85.9% from South Asian background) underwent baseline measures. 85.5% (n=488) were followed up 2 years later.InterventionsThe 1-year intervention consisted of school-based and family-based activities, targeting dietary and physical activity behaviours. The intervention was modified and refined throughout the period of delivery.Main outcome measuresAcceptability and feasibility of the intervention and of measurements required to assess outcomes in a definitive trial. The difference in body mass index (BMI) z-score between arms was used to inform sample size calculations for a definitive trial.ResultsSome intervention components (increasing school physical activity opportunities, family cooking skills workshops, signposting of local leisure facilities and attending day event at a football club) were feasible and acceptable. Other components were acceptable, but not feasible. Promoting walking groups was neither acceptable nor feasible. At follow-up, children in the intervention compared with the control group were less likely to be obese (OR 0.41; 0.19 to 0.89), and had lower adjusted BMI z-score (-0.15 kg/m(2); 95% CI -0.27 to -0.03).ConclusionsThe feasibility study informed components for an intervention programme. The favourable direction of outcome for weight status in the intervention group supports the need for a definitive trial. A cluster randomised controlled trial is now underway to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Trial registration numberISRCTN51016370.
| S-EPMC3987740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Childhood obesity is a global public health concern. While evidence from a recent comprehensive Cochrane review indicates school-based interventions can prevent obesity, we still do not know how or for whom these work best. We aimed to identify the contextual and mechanistic factors associated with obesity prevention interventions implementable in primary schools. A realist synthesis following the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses-Evolving Standards (RAMESES) guidance was with eligible studies from the 2019 Cochrane review on interventions in primary schools. The initial programme theory was developed through expert consensus and stakeholder input and refined with data from included studies to produce a final programme theory including all of the context-mechanism-outcome configurations. We included 24 studies (71 documents) in our synthesis. We found that baseline standardised body mass index (BMIz) affects intervention mechanisms variably as a contextual factor. Girls, older children and those with higher parental education consistently benefitted more from school-based interventions. The key mechanisms associated with beneficial effect were sufficient intervention dose, environmental modification and the intervention components working together as a whole. Education alone was not associated with favourable outcomes. Future interventions should go beyond education and incorporate a sufficient dose to trigger change in BMIz. Contextual factors deserve consideration when commissioning interventions to avoid widening health inequalities.
| S-EPMC8702173 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe prevalence of childhood obesity is significantly higher among racial and/or ethnic minority children in the United States. It is unclear to what extent well-established obesity risk factors in infancy and preschool explain these disparities. Our objective was to decompose racial and/or ethnic disparities in children's weight status according to contributing socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors.MethodsWe used nationally representative data from ∼10 700 children in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort who were followed from age 9 months through kindergarten entry. We assessed the contribution of socioeconomic factors and maternal, infancy, and early childhood obesity risk factors to racial and/or ethnic disparities in children's BMI z scores by using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of risk factors varied significantly by race and/or ethnicity. African American children had the highest prevalence of risk factors, whereas Asian children had the lowest prevalence. The major contributor to the BMI z score gap was the rate of infant weight gain during the first 9 months of life, which was a strong predictor of BMI z score at kindergarten entry. The rate of infant weight gain accounted for between 14.9% and 70.5% of explained disparities between white children and their racial and/or ethnic minority peers. Gaps in socioeconomic status were another important contributor that explained disparities, especially those between white and Hispanic children. Early childhood risk factors, such as fruit and vegetable consumption and television viewing, played less important roles in explaining racial and/or ethnic differences in children's BMI z scores.ConclusionsDifferences in rapid infant weight gain contribute substantially to racial and/or ethnic disparities in obesity during early childhood. Interventions implemented early in life to target this risk factor could help curb widening racial and/or ethnic disparities in early childhood obesity.
| S-EPMC5744272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dynamic changes in body weight have long been recognized as important indicators of risk for human health. Many population-based observational studies have shown that rapid weight gain during infancy, including a catch-up growth phenomenon or adiposity rebound in early childhood, predisposes a person to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases later in life. However, a consensus has not been established regarding which period of weight gain contributes to future risks. This review evaluates recent evidence on the relationship between early rapid growth and future obesity and cardiometabolic risk, with a focus on the differential significance of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood. Although there is a need for attention to childhood growth during early infancy before 1 yr of age as it may be related to future obesity, emerging evidence strongly suggests that toddlers showing an increase in body mass index (BMI) before 3 yr of age, a period normally characterized by decreased BMI, are prone to developing later cardiometabolic risk.
| S-EPMC7534524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of engaging stressed, low-income parents with obesity in a novel mindfulness-based parent stress intervention aimed at decreasing the risk of early childhood obesity.Study designAn 8-week mindfulness-based parent stress group intervention (parenting mindfully for health) plus nutrition and physical activity counseling (PMH+N) was developed for parents with obesity aimed at preventing obesity in their at-risk 2- to 5-year-old children. PMH+N was compared with a control group intervention (C+N), and improvement in parenting was assessed before and after the intervention using the laboratory-based toy wait task (TWT). In addition, nutrition, physical activity, and stress were assessed using a multimethod approach.ResultsAfter establishing feasibility in 20 parent-child dyads (phase 1), 42 dyads were randomized to PMH+N vs C+N (phase 2). Compared with the C+N group, the PMH+N group demonstrated significantly better group attendance (P < .015), greater improvement in parental involvement (P < .05), and decreased parental emotional eating rating (P < .011). Furthermore, C+N, but not PMH+N, was associated with significant increases in child body mass index percentile during treatment (P < .03) when accounting for the TWT before and after changes in parenting scores.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a mindfulness-based parent stress intervention to decrease childhood obesity risk is feasible, requires further testing of therapeutic mechanisms in larger samples, and may be a potential way to attenuate the risk of childhood obesity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT01974102.
| S-EPMC6203652 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, we aimed to explore the perceptions of oral health care professionals (OHCPs) on childhood overweight and obesity screening and management in oral health settings in the Greater Sydney region in New South Wales, Australia. OHCPs involved in the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids (HSHK) birth cohort study were purposively selected for this nested qualitative study. A sample of 15 OHCPs completed the face-to-face interviews, and thematic analysis was undertaken to identify and analyse the contextual patterns and themes. Three major themes emerged: (1) obesity prevention and management in dental practice; (2) barriers and enablers to obesity prevention and management in dental settings; and (3) the role of oral health professionals in promoting healthy weight status. This study found that OHCPs are well-positioned and supportive in undertaking obesity screening and management in their routine clinical practice. However, their practices are limited due to barriers such as time constraints, limited knowledge, and limited referral pathways. Strategies including capacity building of OHCPs, development of appropriate training programs and resources, and identification of a clear specialist referral pathway are needed to address the current barriers. This study provides an insight into opportunities for the oral health workforce in promoting healthy weight status among children.
| S-EPMC9099995 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To determine the magnitude of risk of factors that contribute to the emergence of childhood obesity among low-income minority children. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of parent-child pairs with children aged 3-5 years who were nonobese (n = 605 pairs) who participated in a 3-year randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle behavioral intervention. After baseline, height and weight were measured 5 times over 3 years to calculate body mass index (BMI) percentiles and classify children as normal, overweight, or obese. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of obesity after 36 months. Predictors included age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, months of breastfeeding, ethnicity, baseline child BMI, energy intake, physical activity, food security, parent baseline BMI, and parental depression. RESULTS:Among this predominantly low-income minority population, 66% (398/605) of children were normal weight at baseline and 34% (n = 207/605) were overweight. Among normal weight children at baseline, 24% (85/359) were obese after 36 months; among overweight children at baseline, 55% (n = 103/186) were obese after 36 months. Age at enrollment (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.64-2.72), child baseline BMI (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.51-4.54), and parent baseline BMI (OR for a 6-unit change 1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70) were significantly associated with the odds of becoming obese for children. CONCLUSIONS:The combination of child age, parent BMI, and child overweight as predictors of child obesity suggest a paradigm of family-centered obesity prevention beginning in early childhood, emphasizing the relevance of child overweight as a phenotype highly predictive of child obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01316653.
| S-EPMC6765410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis paper aims to predict childhood obesity after age two, using only data collected prior to the second birthday by a clinical decision support system called CHICA.MethodsAnalyses of six different machine learning methods: RandomTree, RandomForest, J48, ID3, Naïve Bayes, and Bayes trained on CHICA data show that an accurate, sensitive model can be created.ResultsOf the methods analyzed, the ID3 model trained on the CHICA dataset proved the best overall performance with accuracy of 85% and sensitivity of 89%. Additionally, the ID3 model had a positive predictive value of 84% and a negative predictive value of 88%. The structure of the tree also gives insight into the strongest predictors of future obesity in children. Many of the strongest predictors seen in the ID3 modeling of the CHICA dataset have been independently validated in the literature as correlated with obesity, thereby supporting the validity of the model.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that data from a production clinical decision support system can be used to build an accurate machine learning model to predict obesity in children after age two.
| S-EPMC4586339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Childhood obesity represents a significant global health concern and identifying risk factors is crucial for developing intervention programs. Many 'omics' factors associated with the risk of developing obesity have been identified, including genomic, microbiomic, and epigenomic factors. Here, using a sample of 48 infants, we investigated how the methylation profiles in cord blood and placenta at birth were associated with weight outcomes (specifically, conditional weight gain, body mass index, and weight-for-length ratio) at age six months. We characterized genome-wide DNA methylation profiles using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEpic chip, and incorporated information on child and maternal health, and various environmental factors into the analysis. We used regression analysis to identify genes with methylation profiles most predictive of infant weight outcomes, finding a total of 23 relevant genes in cord blood and 10 in placenta. Notably, in cord blood, the methylation profiles of three genes (PLIN4, UBE2F, and PPP1R16B) were associated with all three weight outcomes, which are also associated with weight outcomes in an independent cohort suggesting a strong relationship with weight trajectories in the first six months after birth. Additionally, we developed a Methylation Risk Score (MRS) that could be used to identify children most at risk for developing childhood obesity. While many of the genes identified by our analysis have been associated with weight-related traits (e.g., glucose metabolism, BMI, or hip-to-waist ratio) in previous genome-wide association and variant studies, our analysis implicated several others, whose involvement in the obesity phenotype should be evaluated in future functional investigations.
| S-EPMC10802761 | biostudies-literature