Dataset Information

Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E₂ and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

ABSTRACT: The airway epithelial cells (AECs) lining the conducting passageways of the lung secrete a variety of immunomodulatory factors. Among these, PGE₂ limits lung inflammation and promotes bronchodilation. By contrast, IL-6 drives intense airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. The signaling that differentiates the production of these opposing mediators is not understood. In this study, we find that the production of PGE₂ and IL-6 following stimulation of human AECs by the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular ATP shares a common requirement for Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channels. ATP-mediated synthesis of PGE₂ required activation of metabotropic P2Y₂ receptors and CRAC channel-mediated cytosolic phospholipase A₂ signaling. By contrast, ATP-evoked synthesis of IL-6 occurred via activation of ionotropic P2X receptors and CRAC channel-mediated calcineurin/NFAT signaling. In contrast to ATP, which elicited the production of both PGE₂ and IL-6, the uridine nucleotide, UTP, stimulated PGE₂ but not IL-6 production. These results reveal that human AECs employ unique receptor-specific signaling mechanisms with CRAC channels as a signaling nexus to regulate release of opposing immunomodulatory mediators. Collectively, our results identify P2Y₂ receptors, CRAC channels, and P2X receptors as potential intervention targets for airway diseases.

SUBMITTER: Kountz TS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8816324 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E2 and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

Kountz Timothy S TS Jairaman Amit A Kountz Candace D CD Stauderman Kenneth A KA Schleimer Robert P RP Prakriya Murali M

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20210813 5

The airway epithelial cells (AECs) lining the conducting passageways of the lung secrete a variety of immunomodulatory factors. Among these, PGE2 limits lung inflammation and promotes bronchodilation. By contrast, IL-6 drives intense airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. The signaling that differentiates the production of these opposing mediators is not understood. In this study, we find that the production of PGE2 and IL-6 following stimulation of human AECs by th ...[more]

PMID: 34389624

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Project description:The airway epithelium is a broad interface with the environment, mandating well-orchestrated responses to properly modulate inflammation. Classically, autophagy is a homeostatic pathway triggered in response to external cellular stresses, and is elevated in chronic airway diseases. Recent findings highlight the additional role of autophagy in vesicle trafficking and protein secretion, implicating autophagy pathways in complex cellular responses in disease. Th2 cytokines, IL-13 and IL-4, are increased in asthma and other airway diseases contributing to chronic inflammation. Previously, we observed that IL-13 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Here, we tested our hypothesis that autophagy is required for IL-13-mediated superoxide production via the NADPH oxidase DUOX1. Using a mouse model of Th2-mediated inflammation induced by OVA-allergen, we observed elevated lung amounts of IL-13 and IL-4 accompanied by increased autophagosome levels, determined by LC3BII protein levels and immunostaining. ROS levels were elevated and DUOX1 expression was increased 70-fold in OVA-challenged lungs. To address the role of autophagy and ROS in the airway epithelium, we treated primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells with IL-13 or IL-4. Prolonged, 7-day treatment increased autophagosome formation and degradation, while brief activation had no effect. Under parallel culture conditions, IL-13 and IL-4 increased intracellular superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Prolonged IL-13 activation increased DUOX1, localized at the apical membrane. Silencing DUOX1 by siRNA attenuated IL-13-mediated increases in superoxide, but did not reduce autophagy activities. Notably, depletion of autophagy regulatory protein ATG5 significantly reduced superoxide without diminishing total DUOX1 levels. Depletion of ATG5, however, diminished DUOX1 localization at the apical membrane. The findings suggest non-canonical autophagy activity regulates DUOX1-dependent localization required for intracellular superoxide production during Th2 inflammation. Thus, in chronic Th2 inflammatory airway disease, autophagy proteins may be responsible for persistent intracellular superoxide production.

Dataset Information

Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E₂ and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

Publications

Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

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