Dataset Information

Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India.

ABSTRACT: Stubble burning (SB) has been a major source of seasonal aerosol loading and pollution over northern India. The aftereffects of groundwater preservation act i.e., post 2010 era (2011-2020) has seen delay in crop harvesting thereby shifting the peak SB to May (Wheat SB) and to November (Paddy SB) by 8-10 and 10-12 days compared to pre-2010. Groundwater storage depletion rate of 29.2 mm yr^-1 was observed over the region. Post 2010 era shows an increase of 1.4% in wheat SB and 21% in Paddy SB fires over Punjab and Haryana with 70% of PM_2.5 air mass clusters (high probability > 0.8) advecting to the downwind regions leading to 23-26% increase in PM_2.5 and 4-6% in aerosol loading over National Capital Region (NCR). Although the objective of water conservation policy was supposed to preserve the groundwater by delaying the paddy transplantation and sowing, on the contrary the implementation of this policy has seen groundwater storage after 2013 depleting at a rate of 29.2 mmyr^-1 over these regions. Post policy implementation has led to shift and shrinking of harvest window with increased occurrences in SB fires which also increase associated particulate matter pollution over North India.

SUBMITTER: Kant Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8825838 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India.

Kant Yogesh Y Chauhan Prakash P Natwariya Aryan A Kannaujiya Suresh S Mitra Debashis D

Scientific reports 20220208 1

Stubble burning (SB) has been a major source of seasonal aerosol loading and pollution over northern India. The aftereffects of groundwater preservation act i.e., post 2010 era (2011-2020) has seen delay in crop harvesting thereby shifting the peak SB to May (Wheat SB) and to November (Paddy SB) by 8-10 and 10-12 days compared to pre-2010. Groundwater storage depletion rate of 29.2 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> was observed over the region. Post 2010 era shows an increase of 1.4% in wheat SB and 21% in Pad ...[more]

PMID: 35136129

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Project description:BackgroundAnthropogenic air pollution has been implicated in aberrant changes of DNA methylation and homocysteine increase (>15μM/L). Folate (<3 ng/mL) and vitamin B12 (<220 pg/mL) deficiencies also reduce global DNA methylation via homocysteine increase. Although B-vitamin supplements can attenuate epigenetic effects of air pollution but such understanding in population-specific studies are lacking. Hence, the present study aims to understand the role of air pollution, homocysteine, and nutritional deficiencies on methylation.MethodsWe examined cross-sectionally, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 (chemiluminescence) and global DNA methylation (colorimetric ELISA Assay) among 274 and 270 individuals from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively, from a single Mendelian population. Global DNA methylation results were obtained on 254 and 258 samples from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively.ResultsSignificant decline in median global DNA methylation was seen as a result of air pollution [high-0.84 (0.37-1.97) vs. low-0.96 (0.45-2.75), p = 0.01]. High homocysteine in combination with air pollution significantly reduced global DNA methylation [high-0.71 (0.34-1.90) vs. low-0.93 (0.45-3.00), p = 0.003]. Folate deficient individuals in high polluted areas [high-0.70 (0.37-1.29) vs. low-1.21 (0.45-3.65)] showed significantly reduced global methylation levels (p = 0.007). In low polluted areas, despite folate deficiency, if normal vitamin B12 levels were maintained, global DNA methylation levels improved significantly [2.03 (0.60-5.24), p = 0.007]. Conversely, in high polluted areas despite vitamin B12 deficiency, if normal folate status was maintained, global DNA methylation status improved significantly [0.91 (0.36-1.63)] compared to vitamin B12 normal individuals [0.54 (0.26-1.13), p = 0.04].ConclusionsHigh homocysteine may aggravate the effects of air pollution on DNA methylation. Vitamin B12 in low-polluted and folate in high-polluted areas may be strong determinants for changes in DNA methylation levels. The effect of air pollution on methylation levels may be reduced through inclusion of dietary or supplemented B-vitamins. This may serve as public level approach in natural settings to prevent metabolic adversities at community level.

Dataset Information

Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India.

Publications

Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India.

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