Dataset Information

Cerebrospinal Fluid EV Concentration and Size Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent the three major neurodegenerative dementias characterized by abnormal brain protein accumulation. In this study, we investigated extracellular vesicles (EVs) and neurotrophic factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 120 subjects: 36 with AD, 30 with DLB, 34 with FTD and 20 controls. Specifically, CSF EVs were analyzed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and neurotrophic factors were measured with ELISA. We found higher EV concentration and lower EV size in AD and DLB groups compared to the controls. Classification tree analysis demonstrated EV size as the best parameter able to discriminate the patients from the controls (96.7% vs. 3.3%, respectively). The diagnostic performance of the EV concentration/size ratio resulted in a fair discrimination level with an area under the curve of 0.74. Moreover, the EV concentration/size ratio was associated with the p-Tau181/Aβ42 ratio in AD patients. In addition, we described altered levels of cystatin C and progranulin in the DLB and AD groups. We did not find any correlation between neurotrophic factors and EV parameters. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest a common involvement of the endosomal pathway in neurodegenerative dementias, giving important insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies.

SUBMITTER: Longobardi A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8834088 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cerebrospinal Fluid EV Concentration and Size Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Longobardi Antonio A Nicsanu Roland R Bellini Sonia S Squitti Rosanna R Catania Marcella M Tiraboschi Pietro P Saraceno Claudia C Ferrari Clarissa C Zanardini Roberta R Binetti Giuliano G Di Fede Giuseppe G Benussi Luisa L Ghidoni Roberta R

Cells 20220128 3

Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent the three major neurodegenerative dementias characterized by abnormal brain protein accumulation. In this study, we investigated extracellular vesicles (EVs) and neurotrophic factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 120 subjects: 36 with AD, 30 with DLB, 34 with FTD and 20 controls. Specifically, CSF EVs were analyzed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and neurotrophic factors were measured wi ...[more]

PMID: 35159272

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Project description:IntroductionGiven the challenges concerning the differential diagnosis of dementia, we investigated the possible added value of monoaminergic compounds to the standard cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Particularly, regarding the AD versus dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) comparison, monoamines or their metabolites might have added discriminative value as there is a more severe neuropathological burden in the locus coeruleus of DLB patients, the principal site of noradrenaline synthesis.MethodsWe applied enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze CSF amyloid β peptide of 42 amino acids, total tau, and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, in patients with AD, frontotemporal dementia, DLB/Parkinson's disease dementia, and controls. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was implemented to study monoamine and metabolite levels in CSF and serum. Stepwise forward conditional logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these newly fitted models containing the most discriminative indicators of disease status.ResultsMost significant differences in CSF and serum were confined to the noradrenergic system. More specifically, CSF 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels were higher, whereas serum MHPG levels were lower, in DLB patients compared with all other groups. Addition of CSF and serum MHPG levels to the CSF AD biomarker panel significantly increased diagnostic accuracy between DLB/Parkinson's disease dementia and AD. Interestingly, a model only including CSF and serum MHPG without the classic AD biomarker panel reached similar area under the curve values.DiscussionWe hypothesize that varying degrees of neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus of DLB/Parkinson's disease dementia versus AD patients result in differentially altered MHPG levels, making this metabolite a valuable biomarker.

Project description:BackgroundDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is more prevalent in men than in women. In addition, post-mortem studies found sex differences in underlying pathology. It remains unclear whether these differences are also present antemortem in in vivo biomarkers, and whether sex differences translate to variability in clinical manifestation. The objective of this study was to evaluate sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker concentrations (i.e., alpha-synuclein (α-syn), amyloid β1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (Tau), phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (pTau)) and clinical characteristics in DLB.MethodsWe included 223 DLB patients from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, of which 39 were women (17%, age 70 ± 6, MMSE 21 ± 6) and 184 men (83%, age 68 ± 7, MMSE 23 ± 4). Sex differences in CSF biomarker concentrations (i.e., α-syn, Aβ42, Tau, and pTau) were evaluated using age-corrected general linear models (GLM). In addition, we analyzed sex differences in core clinical features (i.e., visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, cognitive fluctuations, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and cognitive test scores using age- and education-adjusted GLM.ResultsWomen had lower CSF α-syn levels (F 1429 ± 164 vs M 1831 ± 60, p = 0.02) and CSF Aβ42 levels (F 712 ± 39 vs M 821 ± 18, p = 0.01) compared to men. There were no sex differences for (p) Tau concentrations (p > 0.05). Clinically, women were older, had a shorter duration of complaints (F 2 ± 1 vs M 4 ± 3, p < 0.001), more frequent hallucinations (58% vs 38%, p = 0.02), and scored lower on MMSE and a fluency task (MMSE, p = 0.02; animal fluency, p = 0.006). Men and women did not differ on fluctuations, RBD, parkinsonism, or other cognitive tests.ConclusionsWomen had lower Aβ42 and α-syn levels than men, alongside a shorter duration of complaints. Moreover, at the time of diagnosis, women had lower cognitive test scores and more frequent hallucinations. Based on our findings, one could hypothesize that women have a more aggressive disease course in DLB compared to men. Future research should investigate whether women and men with DLB might benefit from sex-specific treatment strategies.

Project description:BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the discriminating value of a range of CSF α-synuclein species for dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease, PD, and cognitively normal controls.MethodsWe applied our recently published enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the CSF levels of total α-synuclein, oligomeric α-synuclein, and phosphorylated α-synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 42), Alzheimer's disease (n = 39), PD (n = 46), and controls (n = 78). General linear models corrected for age and sex were performed to assess differences in α-synuclein levels between groups. We used backward-elimination logistic regression analysis to investigate the combined discriminating value of the different CSF α-synuclein species and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.ResultsCSF levels of total α-synuclein were lower in dementia with Lewy bodies and PD compared with Alzheimer's disease as well as controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, CSF levels of oligomeric α-synuclein were higher in dementia with Lewy bodies and PD compared with Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.001). No group differences were found for phosphorylated α-synuclein. In dementia with Lewy bodies and PD, CSF total α-synuclein levels positively correlated with tau and phosphorylated tau (both r > 0.40, P < 0.01), but not with amyloid-β1-42 . The optimal combination to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from controls consisted of amyloid-β1-42 , tau, total α-synuclein, oligomeric α-synuclein, age, and sex (AUC, 0.90). To differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease, the combination of tau and oligomeric α-synuclein resulted in an AUC of 0.83. CSF α-synuclein species do not contribute to the differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from PD.ConclusionsCSF α-synuclein species could be useful as part of a biomarker panel for dementia with Lewy bodies. Evaluating both oligomeric α-synuclein and total α-synuclein in CSF helps in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Project description:BackgroundDiagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is challenging, largely due to a lack of diagnostic tools. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been proven useful in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Here, we aimed to identify novel CSF biomarkers for DLB using a high-throughput proteomic approach.MethodsWe applied liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with label-free quantification to identify biomarker candidates to individual CSF samples from a well-characterized cohort comprising patients with DLB (n = 20) and controls (n = 20). Validation was performed using (1) the identical proteomic workflow in an independent cohort (n = 30), (2) proteomic data from patients with related neurodegenerative diseases (n = 149) and (3) orthogonal techniques in an extended cohort consisting of DLB patients and controls (n = 76). Additionally, we utilized random forest analysis to identify the subset of candidate markers that best distinguished DLB from all other groups.ResultsIn total, we identified 1995 proteins. In the discovery cohort, 69 proteins were differentially expressed in DLB compared to controls (p < 0.05). Independent cohort replication confirmed VGF, SCG2, NPTX2, NPTXR, PDYN and PCSK1N as candidate biomarkers for DLB. The downregulation of the candidate biomarkers was somewhat more pronounced in DLB in comparison with related neurodegenerative diseases. Using random forest analysis, we identified a panel of VGF, SCG2 and PDYN to best differentiate between DLB and other clinical groups (accuracy: 0.82 (95%CI: 0.75-0.89)). Moreover, we confirmed the decrease of VGF and NPTX2 in DLB by ELISA and SRM methods. Low CSF levels of all biomarker candidates, except PCSK1N, were associated with more pronounced cognitive decline (0.37 < r < 0.56, all p < 0.01).ConclusionWe identified and validated six novel CSF biomarkers for DLB. These biomarkers, particularly when used as a panel, show promise to improve diagnostic accuracy and strengthen the importance of synaptic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of DLB.

Project description:In patients with suspected dementia with Lewy bodies, the detection of the disease-associated α-synuclein in easily accessible tissues amenable to be collected using minimally invasive procedures remains a major diagnostic challenge. This approach has the potential to take advantage of modern molecular assays for the diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy and, in turn, to optimize the recruitment and selection of patients in clinical trials, using drugs directed at counteracting α-synuclein aggregation. In this study, we explored the diagnostic accuracy of α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay by testing olfactory mucosa and CSF in patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable (n = 32) or prodromal (n = 5) dementia with Lewy bodies or mixed degenerative dementia (dementia with Lewy bodies/Alzheimer's disease) (n = 6). Thirty-eight patients with non-α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (n = 10), sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n = 10), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 8), corticobasal syndrome (n = 1), fronto-temporal dementia (n = 3) and other neurological conditions (n = 6) were also included, as controls. All 81 patients underwent olfactory swabbing while CSF was obtained in 48 participants. At the initial blinded screening of olfactory mucosa samples, 38 out of 81 resulted positive while CSF was positive in 19 samples out of 48 analysed. After unblinding of the results, 27 positive olfactory mucosa were assigned to patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies, five with prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies and three to patients with mixed dementia, as opposed to three out 38 controls. Corresponding results of CSF testing disclosed 10 out 10 positive samples in patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies and six out of six with mixed dementia, in addition to three out of 32 for controls. The accuracy among results of real-time quaking-induced conversion assays and clinical diagnoses was 86.4% in the case of olfactory mucosa and 93.8% for CSF. For the first time, we showed that α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay detects α-synuclein aggregates in olfactory mucosa of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and with mixed dementia. Additionally, we provided preliminary evidence that the combined testing of olfactory mucosa and CSF raised the concordance with clinical diagnosis potentially to 100%. Our results suggest that nasal swabbing might be considered as a first-line screening procedure in patients with a diagnosis of suspected dementia with Lewy bodies followed by CSF analysis, as a confirmatory test, when the result in the olfactory mucosa is incongruent with the initial clinical diagnosis.

Dataset Information

Cerebrospinal Fluid EV Concentration and Size Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Publications

Cerebrospinal Fluid EV Concentration and Size Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

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