Project description:BackgroundIntra-articular (IA) corticosteroid (CS) injections are the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic management in knee osteoarthritis (OA), particularly in the UK. IA platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are a promising alternative, but no systematic reviews to date have compared them to the current standard of care, IA CS injections. We aim to investigate the effect of IA PRP injections versus IA corticosteroid injections for the symptomatic management of knee OA.MethodsAll published trials comparing IA PRP and CS injections for knee OA were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched through June 2020. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A random effects model was used to calculate standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval in WOMAC/VAS score (or subscores), comparing IA PRP to CS injections across studies.ResultsIncluded were eight studies and 648 patients, 443 (68%) were female, mean age 59 years, with a mean BMI of 28.4. Overall, the studies were considered at low risk of bias. Compared with CS injections, PRP was significantly better in reducing OA symptoms (pain, stiffness, functionality) at 3, 6 and 9 months post-intervention (P < 0.01). The greatest effect was observed at 6 and 9 months (- 0.78 (- 1.34 to - 0.23) standard mean deviations (SMD) and - 1.63 (- 2.14 to - 1.12) SMD respectively). At 6 months, this equates to an additional reduction of 9.51 in WOMAC or 0.97 on the VAS pain scales. At 6 months PRP allowed greater return to sporting activities than CS, measured by the KOOS subscale for sporting activity, of magnitude 9.7 (- 0.45 to 19.85) (P = 0.06). Triple injections of PRP, generally separated by a week, were superior to single injections over 12 months follow-up (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIA-PRP injections produce superior outcomes when compared with CS injections for symptomatic management of knee OA, including improved pain management, less joint stiffness and better participation in exercise/sporting activity at 12 months follow-up. Giving three IA-PRP, with injections separated by a week, appears more effective than 1 IA-PRP injection.Prospero trial registration numberCRD42020181928 .
Project description:Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACI) are effective treatments for pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) but treatment response varies. There is uncertainty as to whether structural factors such as accurate placement of IACI affect outcome. We examined this question in a pragmatic observational study, using ultrasound (US) to verify accuracy of IACI.105 subjects with KOA (mean age 63.1 years, 59% female) routinely referred for IACI underwent assessment of demographic factors, x-ray and US of the knee before aspiration and IACI (based on clinical landmarks) with 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide with lignocaine plus a small amount of atmospheric air by an independent physician. US demonstration of intra-articular mobile air, i.e. a positive air arthrosonogram, was used to determine accurate placement of injection. Both patients and injecting physicians were blind to the US findings. Pain at baseline, three and nine weeks post injection was assessed using the 500 mm WOMAC pain subscale and response defined as???40% reduction in pain from baseline. Inter-observer reliability of air-arthrosonogram assessment was good: ? 0.79 (three raters).Sixty-three subjects (60.6%) were responders at three weeks and 43 (45.7%) at nine weeks. Seventy-four subjects (70.5%) had a positive arthrosonogram. A positive air arthrosonogram did not associate with a higher rate of response to treatment (p 0.389 at three weeks, p 0.365 at nine weeks). There was no difference in US effusion depth, power Doppler signal or radiographic grade between responders and non-responders to the injection, but female gender associated with response at 3 weeks and previous injection with non-response at 9 weeks.Accurate intra-articular injection of corticosteroid results did not result in superior outcome in terms of pain compared to inaccurate injection in symptomatic knee OA.
Project description:Intra-articular corticosteroid injection is often used to relieve pain caused by knee osteoarthritis. This study aims to assess the impact after an intra-articular corticosteroid injection treatment on objective and subjective measurement of physical function in knee osteoarthritis patients.Fourteen patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis participated in this open-label uncontrolled trial. The intra-articular corticosteroid injection was given at the end of the second week. Physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer worn by the participants for eight weeks. Symptoms, quality of life and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were assessed every two weeks.From the injection until six weeks later, pain and stiffness were reduced by approximately 60%. Patients' daily physical activity time was significantly improved after injection: participation in light and moderate physical activities increased during four and two weeks, respectively.The beneficial effects after the intra-articular corticosteroid injection are visible in the duration and intensity of the knee osteoarthritis patients' daily physical activity. However, these effects declined gradually two weeks after injection. Modulating the intensity and duration of physical activity would allow patients to optimize pain sensation over a longer period following an intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Trial Registration. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials: NCT02049879.
Project description:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease leading to joint pain and stiffness. Due to lack of effective treatments, physical and psychological disabilities caused by OA have a detrimental impact on the patient's quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may provide favorable results since PRP comprises not only a high level of platelets but also a huge amount of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. However, the precise mechanism and standardization method remain uncertain. This study aimed to examine cytokine profiling in both PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) of knee OA patients and to determine the effects of PRP on OA chondrocytes and knee OA patients. PRP contained a wide variety of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and autologous intra-articular PRP injection resulted in favorable outcomes in knee OA patients. Significant increases in levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-17, PDGF-BB, bFGF, and MIP-1β were detected in PRP compared to PPP (p < 0.001). An in vitro study showed a marked increase in proliferation in OA chondrocytes cultured with PRP, compared to PPP and fetal bovine serum (p < 0.001). In a clinical study, knee OA patients treated with PRP showed improvement of physical function and pain, assessed by physical performance, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and visual analog scale. Our findings from both in vitro and clinical studies suggest that intra-articular PRP injection in knee OA patients may be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating knee pain and delaying the need for surgery.
Project description:Purpose ?The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effects of HYADD® 4, an hydrogel based on a hyaluronic acid derivative, in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, on symptoms, and joint function. Methods ?This retrospective study of patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade II to IV knee osteoarthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria) enrolled patients who had received two infiltrations of HYADD® 4, (24 mg/3 mL) 1?week apart, and evaluated: pain at rest, pain with movement, change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score; change in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/acetaminophen use; satisfaction with therapy; tolerability. Study duration was 6 months for all predefined endpoints, with a 6-month extension for pain symptoms only. Results ?After 6 months, all predefined endpoints were evaluable in 698 of 937 enrolled patients (74.5%). Mean WOMAC scores were reduced by 56.3% from baseline ( p ?<?0.05). NSAIDs/acetaminophen use ?2 times/week (48.8% of patients at baseline) was substantially reduced after 1?month and was 19.6% after 6 months. After 6 months, 85.6% of patients were satisfied about efficacy. There were no significant adverse effects. The effect on resting pain was rapid, strong, and lasting: reduction from baseline was 45.1% at 1?month ( p ?<?0.05), 56.8% at 6 months ( p ?<?0.05), and 53.6% at 12 months ( p ?<?0.05). Pain on moving was reduced by 47.4% after 6 months ( p ?<?0.05) and 46.0% after 12 months ( p ?<?0.05), results at 6 and 12 months were similar. Conclusion ?HYADD® 4 is a new-generation hyaluronic acid with distinctive viscoelastic and rheological properties. In patients with mild-to-severe knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades II-IV), two consecutive infiltrations 1?week apart reduced WOMAC scores and NSAIDs/acetaminophen consumption for at least 6 months. In a subpopulation ( n ?=?106), efficacy on pain lasted approximately 12 months. Adverse events were reported in 11.2% of patients; the most frequent were arthralgias. No cases of allergic reactions or systemic effects were recorded. Level of Evidence ?Level IV, retrospective case series.
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Intra-articular (IA) injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroid (CS) is a common treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. As a drug treatment for patients with depression, duloxetine has been shown in many studies to effectively relieve the pain of OA and improve function of the knee joint. However, evidence regarding the efficacy of IA injection of HA+CS combined with duloxetine for pain management in patients with OA of the knee is lacking. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IA injection of HA+CS combined with duloxetine could achieve pain management superior to that of IA injection of HA+CS alone in patients experiencing knee OA pain. METHODS:This study will adopt a prospective, randomised, open-label blind endpoint study design. In total, 150 patients with OA of the knee will be enrolled in the study. The participants will be randomly allocated to receive either a single IA injection of HA+CS combined with duloxetine or a single IA injection of HA+CS alone, and both groups will complete a 24-week follow-up to assess pain and functional improvements. The primary outcome measure is the change in the weekly mean of the 24?hours average pain scores from baseline to the end of 24 weeks in patients with OA of the knee, and the secondary outcomes include the response to treatment, changes from baseline in the brief pain inventory, improvement in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index scores, patient global impression of improvement scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and adverse events during the 24-week follow-up. The data will be analysed by the intention-to-treat principle. ETHICS APPROVAL AND DISSEMINATION:This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital (approval number: KY 2019-086-02). The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and the findings will be presented at scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04117893; Pre-results.
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the pain-reducing effects of intra-articular oxygen-ozone (O2O3) injections and mechanical focal vibration (mFV) versus O2O3 injections alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsPatients with chronic pain (>6 weeks) due to knee osteoarthritis (II-III on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale) were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups: O2O3 (n = 25) and O2O3-mFV (n = 24). The visual analog scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Medical Research Council (MRC) Manual Muscle Testing scale were administered at baseline (before treatment), after 3 weeks of treatment, and 1 month after the end of treatment. Patients received three once-weekly intra-articular injections of O2O3 into the knee (20 mL O3, 20 μg/mL). The O2O3-mFV group also underwent nine sessions of mFV (three sessions per week).ResultsThe VAS score, KOOS, and MRC score were significantly better in the O2O3-mFV than O2O3 group. The within-group analysis showed that all scores improved over time compared with baseline and were maintained even 1 month after treatment. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionAn integrated rehabilitation protocol involving O2O3 injections and mFV for 3 weeks reduces pain, increases autonomy in daily life activities, and strengthens the quadriceps femoris.
Project description:OBJECTIVE:We sought to describe and evaluate longitudinal use of intra-articular injections after treatment initiation among adults with radiographically confirmed knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD:Using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), we included participants with radiographically confirmed OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade (K-L) ? 2) in ?1 knee at baseline. With 9 years of data, 412 participants newly initiating hyaluronic acid or corticosteroid injections with their index visit were identified. For each type of injection initiated, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were described by patterns of treatments (one-time use, switched, or continued injections). Multinomial logistic models estimated the extent to which patient-reported symptoms (post-initial injection and changes over time) were associated with patterns of injection use. RESULTS:Of those initiating injections, ?19% switched, ?21% continued injection type, and ?60% did not report any additional injections. For participants initiating corticosteroid injections, greater symptoms post-initial injection were associated with lower odds of continued use compared to one-time users (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain: 0.91; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.83 to 0.99; aORstiffness: 0.77; CI: 0.63 to 0.94; aORphysical function: 0.97; CI: 0.94 to 1.00). Symptom changes over time (e.g., worsened or improved) were not associated with patterns of injections use. CONCLUSION:After treatment initiation, the proportion of patients switching injection use and one-time users was substantial. Symptoms post-initial injection appear to be associated with patterns of injection use. The extent to which these patterns are an indication of lack of impact on patient-reported symptoms should be explored.
Project description:The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy of a single intra-articular (i.a.) injection of a hyaluronic acid-chitlac (HY-CTL) enriched with two low dosages of triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 2.0 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL), in comparison with HY-CTL alone, with a clinical control (TA 40 mg/mL) and with saline solution (NaCl) in an in vivo osteoarthritis (OA) model. Seven days after chemical induction of OA, 80 Sprague Dawley male rats were grouped into five arms (n = 16) and received a single i.a. injection of: 40 mg/mL TA, HY-CTL alone, HY-CTL with 2.0 mg/mL TA (RV2), HY-CTL with 4.5 mg/mL TA (RV4.5) and 0.9% NaCl. Pain sensitivity and Catwalk were performed at baseline and at 7, 14 and 21 days after the i.a. treatments. The histopathology of the joint, meniscus and synovial reaction, type II collagen expression and aggrecan expression were assessed 21 days after treatments. RV4.5 improved the local pain sensitivity in comparison with TA and NaCl. RV4.5 and TA exerted similar beneficial effects in all gait parameters. Histopathological analyses, measured by Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Kumar scores and by immunohistochemistry, evidenced that RV4.5 and TA reduced OA features in the same manner and showed a stronger type II collagen and aggrecan expression; both treatments reduced synovitis, as measured by Krenn score and, at the meniscus level, RV4.5 improved degenerative signs as evaluated by Pauli score. TA or RV4.5 treatments limited the local articular cartilage deterioration in knee OA with an improvement of the physical structure of articular cartilage, gait parameters, the sensitivity to local pain and a reduction of the synovial inflammation.
Project description:Current management of osteoarthritis (OA) is primarily focused on symptom control. Intra-articular corticosteroid (IACS) injections are often used for pain management of hip and knee OA in patients who have not responded to oral or topical analgesics. Recent case series suggested that negative structural outcomes including accelerated OA progression, subchondral insufficiency fracture, complications of pre-existing osteonecrosis, and rapid joint destruction (including bone loss) may be observed in patients who received IACS injections. This expert panel report reviews the current understanding of pain in OA, summarizes current international guidelines regarding indications for IACS injection, and considers preinterventional safety measures, including imaging. Potential profiles of those who would likely benefit from IACS injection and a suggestion for an updated patient consent form are presented. As of today, there is no established recommendation or consensus regarding imaging, clinical, or laboratory markers before an IACS injection to screen for OA-related imaging abnormalities. Repeating radiographs before each subsequent IACS injection remains controversial. The true cause and natural history of these complications are unclear and require further study. To determine the cause and natural history, large prospective studies evaluating the risk of accelerated OA or joint destruction after IACS injections are needed. However, given the relatively rare incidence of these adverse outcomes, any clinical trial would be challenging in design and a large number of patients would need to be included.