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Production of a monolithic fuel cell stack with high power density.

ABSTRACT: The transportation sector is undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by secondary Li-based batteries. However, the limited range and long charging times of Li-ion batteries still hinder widespread adoption. This aspect is particularly true in the case of heavy freight and long-range transportation, where solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative as they can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. However, the SOFC technology is mainly used for stationary applications owing to the high operating temperature, low volumetric power density and specific power, and poor robustness towards thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations of conventional ceramic-based cells. Here, we present a metal-based monolithic fuel cell design to overcome these issues. Cost-effective and scalable manufacturing processes are employed for fabrication, and only a single heat treatment is required, as opposed to multiple thermal treatments in conventional SOFC production. The design is optimised through three-dimensional multiphysics modelling, nanoparticle infiltration, and corrosion-mitigating treatments. The monolithic fuel cell stack shows a power density of 5.6 kW/L, thus, demonstrating the potential of SOFC technology for transport applications.

SUBMITTER: Pirou S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8913829 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Production of a monolithic fuel cell stack with high power density.

Pirou Stéven S Talic Belma B Brodersen Karen K Hauch Anne A Frandsen Henrik Lund HL Skafte Theis Løye TL Persson Åsa H ÅH Høgh Jens V T JVT Henriksen Henrik H Navasa Maria M Miao Xing-Yuan XY Georgolamprou Xanthi X Foghmoes Søren P V SPV Hendriksen Peter Vang PV Nielsen Eva Ravn ER Nielsen Jimmi J Wulff Anders C AC Jensen Søren H SH Zielke Philipp P Hagen Anke A

Nature communications 20220310 1

The transportation sector is undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by secondary Li-based batteries. However, the limited range and long charging times of Li-ion batteries still hinder widespread adoption. This aspect is particularly true in the case of heavy freight and long-range transportation, where solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative as they can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. However, the SOFC ...[more]

PMID: 35273172

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Project description:BackgroundMicroalgae-based high-density fuels offer an efficient and environmental pathway towards decarbonization of the transport sector and could be produced as part of a globally distributed network without competing with food systems for arable land. Variations in climatic and economic conditions significantly impact the economic feasibility and productivity of such fuel systems, requiring harmonized technoeconomic assessments to identify important conditions required for commercial scale up.MethodsHere, our previously validated Techno-economic and Lifecycle Analysis (TELCA) platform was extended to provide a direct performance comparison of microalgae diesel production at 12 international locations with variable climatic and economic settings. For each location, historical weather data, and jurisdiction-specific policy and economic inputs were used to simulate algal productivity, evaporation rates, harvest regime, CapEx and OpEx, interest and tax under location-specific operational parameters optimized for Minimum Diesel Selling Price (MDSP, US$ L-1). The economic feasibility, production capacity and CO2-eq emissions of a defined 500 ha algae-based diesel production facility is reported for each.ResultsUnder a for-profit business model, 10 of the 12 locations achieved a minimum diesel selling price (MDSP) under US$ 1.85 L-1 / US$ 6.99 gal-1. At a fixed theoretical MDSP of US$ 2 L-1 (US$ 7.57 gal-1) these locations could achieve a profitable Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.5-22.1%. Under a public utility model (0% profit, 0% tax) eight locations delivered cost-competitive renewable diesel at an MDSP of < US$ 1.24 L-1 (US$ 4.69 gal-1). The CO2-eq emissions of microalgae diesel were about one-third of fossil-based diesel.ConclusionsThe public utility approach could reduce the fuel price toward cost-competitiveness, providing a key step on the path to a profitable fully commercial renewable fuel industry by attracting the investment needed to advance technology and commercial biorefinery co-production options. Governments' adoption of such an approach could accelerate decarbonization, improve fuel security, and help support a local COVID-19 economic recovery. This study highlights the benefits and limitations of different factors at each location (e.g., climate, labour costs, policy, C-credits) in terms of the development of the technology-providing insights on how governments, investors and industry can drive the technology forward.

Dataset Information

Production of a monolithic fuel cell stack with high power density.

Publications

Production of a monolithic fuel cell stack with high power density.

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