The role of soy and soy isoflavones on women's fertility and related outcomes: an update.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rizzo G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8922143 | biostudies-literature | 2022
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
The role of soy and soy isoflavones on women's fertility and related outcomes: an update.
Rizzo Gianluca G Feraco Alessandra A Storz Maximilian Andreas MA Lombardo Mauro M
Journal of nutritional science 20220307
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Project description:Soy isoflavones, at adequate dosages, have estrogenic and anti-thyroidal effects in animals and humans, which can either be beneficial or adverse, depending on the consumer's physiological status. Hence, this study presents an assay of soy isoflavones in hair, aiming to give new information about a person's exposure to isoflavones, when health issues related to estrogenic or thyroidal effects are observed. Aqueous or organic extraction procedures following acidic, basic, or enzymatic digestions were tested on 60 hair samples (from volunteers) from a hairdresser, and a clinical trial 2017T2-29. The acidic digestion method was the most efficient regarding isoflavones. A specific inquiry was developed to assess the dietary habits of French consumers based on the analysis of 12,707 food labels from France. It was used to check for the reliability of the new assay method. A score for the consumer exposures to isoflavones was built considering, among other parameters, soy-based diets and foodstuff containing soy as an ingredient, i.e., "hidden-soy". The correlation between this score and isoflavone measurements in hair reached 0.947; p < 0.001. Therefore, providing that relevant data are considered to assess isoflavone exposure, hair that smoothens daily isoflavone intake variations, is a relevant tissue to assess human isoflavone exposure for subsequent health analyses.
| S-EPMC9460668 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimsAssociations between soy intake and risk of cancer have been evaluated in prospective observational studies with inconsistent results. Whether the potential anticancer effects offered by soy were attributed to soy isoflavones and soy protein still needs to be elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively quantify the association of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein intake with risk of cancer incidence and cancer mortality by conducting a meta-analysis of all available studies.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 16 September 2021. Prospective cohort studies that examined the effect of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein on cancer incidence and cancer mortality were identified. Random-effects models were used to pool the multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The potential dose-response relations were explored by using generalized least-squares trend estimation.ResultsEighty one prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. A higher intake of soy was significantly associated with a 10% reduced risk of cancer incidence (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96). Each additional 25 g/d soy intake decreased the risk of cancer incidence by 4%. Intake of soy isoflavones was inversely associated with risk of cancer incidence (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99), whereas no significant association was observed for soy protein. The risk of cancer incidence was reduced by 4% with each 10 mg/d increment of soy isoflavones intake. Similar inverse associations were also found for soy in relation to site-specific cancers, particularly lung cancer (RR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.52-0.86) and prostate cancer (RR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.78-0.99). However, high intake of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein were not associated with cancer mortality.ConclusionsHigher intake of soy and soy isoflavones were inversely associated with risk of cancer incidence, which suggested that the beneficial role of soy against cancer might be primarily attributed to soy isoflavones. These findings support recommendations to include soy as part of a healthy dietary pattern for the prevention of cancer.
| S-EPMC8931954 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, the chitosan-induced coacervation of soy protein-isoflavone complexes in soymilk was investigated. Most of the soymilk proteins, including ?-conglycinin (7S), glycinin (11S), and isoflavones, were found to coacervate into the soymilk pellet fraction (SPF) following the addition of 0.5% chitosan. The total protein in the soymilk supernatant fraction (SSF) decreased from 18.1 ± 0.3 mg/mL to 1.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL, and the pH values decreased slightly, from 6.6 ± 0.0 to 6.0 ± 0.0. The results of SDS-PAGE revealed that the 7S ?', 7S ?, 7S ?, 11S A3, and 11S acidic subunits, as well as the 11S basic proteins in the SSF, decreased to 0.7 ± 0.5%, 0.2 ± 0.1%, 0.1 ± 0.0%, 0.2 ± 0.2%, 0.2 ± 0.2% and 0.3 ± 0.2%, respectively. We also found that isoflavones in the SSF, including daidzein, glycitein, and genistein, decreased to 9.6 ± 2.3%, 5.7 ± 0.9% and 5.9 ± 1.5%, respectively. HPLC analysis indicated that isoflavones mixed with soy proteins formed soy protein-isoflavone complexes and were precipitated into the SPF by 0.5% chitosan.
| S-EPMC6152765 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to conduct a qualitative investigation to provide a deeper understanding of women's views about endometriosis, fertility and their perception of reproductive options.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted by two female psychiatrists, specialized in gynecology and obstetrical consultation-liaison psychiatry, trained in qualitative procedures, with experience in qualitative studies and in psychological support of women attending infertility consultations. No prior relationship with respondents was established before data collection. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed. Interviews lasted 45-75 minutes. The transcripts were then analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsTwenty-nine women were contacted. Twelve agreed to an interview at the hospital's infertility clinic. Eleven women with diverse sociodemographic characteristics were included. The key findings of thematic content analysis can be grouped into four topics: (1) Diagnostic announcement and initial delay; (2) Negative perceptions of initial care: pre-diagnosis phase; (3) Struggle with endometriosis and its treatment; (4) Issues related to health problems, fertility and reproductive options.ConclusionOur analysis of the interviews corroborates the distressing impact of the trivialization of pain and the uncertainty of or the long quest for diagnosis. The findings also stress various associated issues, from the diagnostic delay to the low success rates of fertility treatments. This qualitative analysis contributes to better understand the accumulation of negative emotions within the illness trajectory and the poor dyadic adjustment within the couple.
| S-EPMC10627452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThis study aimed to quantitate the efficacy of soy isoflavones in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes.MethodsModel based meta-analysis (MBMA) was used to quantitate the efficacy of soy isoflavones. We conducted a systemic literature search to build a time-effect model for placebo and soy isoflavones in treating menopausal hot flashes. Studies were identified, subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed.ResultsFrom 55 articles, 16 studies of soy isoflavones met the inclusion criteria, and contained 65 and 66 mean effect values in placebo and soy isoflavone groups, respectively, from about 1710 subjects. Interestingly, the developed model was found to describe adequately the time course of hot flashes reduction after administration of placebo and soy isoflavones. Using this model, we found that the maximal percentage change of hot flashes reduction by soy isoflavones was 25.2% after elimination of the placebo effect, accounting for 57% of the maximum effects of estradiol (Emax-estradiol = 44.9%). However, a time interval of 13.4 weeks was needed for soy isoflavones to achieve half of its maximal effects, much longer than estradiol, which only required 3.09 weeks. These results suggest that treatment intervals of 12 weeks are too short for soy isoflavones, which require at least 48 weeks to achieve 80% of their maximum effects.ConclusionsSoy isoflavones show slight and slow effects in attenuating menopausal hot flashes compared with estradiol.
| S-EPMC4386944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Women's empowerment could be a crucial step for tackling gender inequality and improve women's reproductive health and rights in Mozambique. This study aims to examine how different domains of women's empowerment influence fertility-related outcomes and contraceptive practices in Mozambique. We used the 2015 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Mozambique from which a sample of 2072 women aged 15 to 49 years were selected and included in this analysis. A principal component analysis was performed, and the components retained were identified as the domains of empowerment. These were: Beliefs about violence against women, Decision-making, and Control over sexuality and safe sex. A multinomial logistic regression was run to estimate the association between levels of empowerment for each domain and the study outcomes. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Beliefs about violence against women and Control over sexuality and safe sex were positively associated with having 1 to 4 children. Control over sexuality and safe sex also increased likelihood of women wanting to space childbearing over more than 2 years. Decision-making increased the odds of women not wanting more children. Middle to high empowerment levels for Control over sexuality and safe sex also increased the chances of using any type of contraceptive method and using it for longer periods. All domains, from the middle to high levels of empowerment, decreased the chances of women not wanting to use contraception. Our study confirmed the multidimensional nature of empowerment showing that each domain had a different effect over specific fertility and contraceptive outcomes and reinforced the importance of a domain approach for estimating and understanding empowerment. It also revealed the critical role of Control over sexuality and safe sex domain for improving women's ability to decide over fertility and contraceptive practices in Mozambique.
| S-EPMC10021614 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn a previous trial, treatment with soy isoflavones was associated with improved nonverbal memory, construction abilities, verbal fluency, and speeded dexterity compared to treatment with placebo in cognitively healthy older adults.ObjectiveThe current trial aimed to examine the potential cognitive benefits of soy isoflavones in patients with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsSixty-five men and women over the age of 60 were treated with 100 mg/day soy isoflavones, or matching placebo capsules for six months. APOE genotype was determined for all participants. Cognitive outcomes and plasma isoflavone levels were measured at baseline, and at two additional time points: three and six months after baseline.ResultsOf the sixty-five participants enrolled, thirty-four (52.3% ) were women, and 31 (47.7% ) were APOEɛ4 positive. Average age was 76.3 (SD = 7.2) years. Fifty-nine (90.8% ) subjects completed all study visits. Plasma isoflavone levels increased in subjects treated with soy isoflavones compared to baseline and to placebo, although intersubject variability in plasma levels was large. No significant differences in treatment effects for cognition emerged between treatment groups or genders. Exploratory analyses of associations between changes in cognition and plasma isoflavone levels revealed an association between equol levels, and speeded dexterity and verbal fluency.ConclusionsSix months of 100 mg/day treatment with soy isoflavones did not benefit cognition in older men and women with Alzheimer's disease. However, our results suggest the need to examine the role of isoflavone metabolism, i.e., the ability to effectively metabolize soy isoflavones by converting daidzen to equol when attempting to fully clarify the cognitive effects of isoflavones.
| S-EPMC4657545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Soy isoflavones are dietary components for which an association has been demonstrated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in Asian populations. However, the exact mechanism by which these isoflavones may prevent the development or progression of PCa is not completely understood. There are a growing number of animal and in vitro studies that have attempted to elucidate these mechanisms. The predominant and most biologically active isoflavones in soy products, genistein, daidzein, equol, and glycetin, inhibit prostate carcinogenesis in some animal models. Cell-based studies show that soy isoflavones regulate genes that control cell cycle and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the literature relevant to the molecular events that may account for the benefit of soy isoflavones in PCa prevention or treatment. These reports show that although soy isoflavone-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of PCa cells are plausible mechanisms, other chemo protective mechanisms are also worthy of consideration. These possible mechanisms include antioxidant defense, DNA repair, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, potentiation of radio- and chemotherapeutic agents, and antagonism of estrogen- and androgen-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, other cells in the cancer milieu, such as the fibroblastic stromal cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells, may be targeted by soy isoflavones, which may contribute to soy-mediated prostate cancer prevention. In this review, these mechanisms are discussed along with considerations about the doses and the preclinical models that have been used.
| S-EPMC3962012 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important disease, and ingestion of soy isoflavones (ISF) may benefit PRRSV-infected pigs due to demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. The objective of this experiment was to recreate immunological effects previously observed in young pigs infected with PRRSV receiving ISF and determine how those effects influence growth performance during the entire growth period from weaning to market. In total, 96 weaned barrows were group housed in a biosafety level-2 containment facility and allotted to 1 of 3 experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: noninfected pigs received an ISF-devoid control diet (NEG, n = 24), and infected pigs received either the control diet (POS, n = 36) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,600 mg/kg (ISF, n = 36). Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated intranasally with either a sham-control (PBS) or live PRRSV (1 × 105 TCID50/mL, strain NADC20). After inoculation, individual blood samples (n = 8 to 12/treatment) were routinely collected to monitor viral clearance and hematological parameters, including serum neutralizing anti-PRRSV antibody production. Pen-based oral fluids were used to monitor PRRSV clearance at later growth stages. A 1- or 2-way ANOVA was performed to compare experimental treatments depending on whether the outcome was repeatedly measured. In general, PRRSV infection decreased performance during early growth phases, resulting in 5.4% lower final BW for POS vs. NEG pigs (P < 0.05). Dietary ISF elicited inconsistent effects on growth performance, increased (P < 0.05) neutrophil cell counts and the relative proportion of memory T-cells, and decreased (P < 0.05) the time to full PRRSV clearance from oral fluids. Dietary ISF also elicited earlier, more robust anti-PRRSV neutralizing antibody production when compared with POS pigs. Additionally, and most notably, POS pigs experienced ~50% greater infection-related mortality rate vs. ISF pigs (P < 0.05), which may have significant economic implications for producers. Overall, dietary ISF ingestion supported immune responses and reduced mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs when fed to growing pigs though the biological mechanism of these effects remains unclear.
| S-EPMC7023622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the recent years, interest in soybean as a neuroprotective nutrient in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased and soy isoflavones (SI), as kinds of soybean phytochemicals, are thought to be biologically active components that confer this beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of SI is not well understood. Therefore, the present study (30 days) was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of soy isoflavones (SI) on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairments in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (aged 4 weeks) and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. SI (40 mg/kg) administration improved the cognitive performance of SCOP-treated mice in an object location recognition task and the Morris water maze test. SI (40 mg/kg) administration significantly enhanced cholinergic system function and suppressed oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus of SCOP-treated mice. Furthermore, SI (40 mg/kg) treatment markedly upregulated the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrated that soy isoflavones exerted a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunctions induced by scopolamine, suggesting that soy isoflavones could be a good candidate for possible treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
| S-EPMC6073222 | biostudies-literature