Dataset Information

Plasma Metabolites Associated with a Protein-Rich Dietary Pattern: Results from the OmniHeart Trial.

ABSTRACT:

Scope

Lack of biomarkers is a challenge for the accurate assessment of protein intake and interpretation of observational study data. The study aims to identify biomarkers of a protein-rich dietary pattern.

Methods and results

The Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OmniHeart) trial is a randomized cross-over feeding study which tested three dietary patterns with varied macronutrient content (carbohydrate-rich; protein-rich with about half from plant sources; and unsaturated fat-rich). In 156 adults, differences in log-transformed plasma metabolite levels at the end of the protein- and carbohydrate-rich diet periods using paired t-tests is examined. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis is used to identify a set of metabolites which are influential in discriminating between the protein-rich versus carbohydrate-rich dietary patterns. Of 839 known metabolites, 102 metabolites differ significantly between the protein-rich and the carbohydrate-rich dietary patterns after Bonferroni correction, the majority of which are lipids (n = 35), amino acids (n = 27), and xenobiotics (n = 24). Metabolites which are the most influential in discriminating between the protein-rich and the carbohydrate-rich dietary patterns represent plant protein intake, food or beverage intake, and preparation methods.

Conclusions

The study identifies many plasma metabolites associated with the protein-rich dietary pattern. If replicated, these metabolites may be used to assess level of adherence to a similar dietary pattern.

SUBMITTER: Kim H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8930517 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Plasma Metabolites Associated with a Protein-Rich Dietary Pattern: Results from the OmniHeart Trial.

Kim Hyunju H Lichtenstein Alice H AH White Karen K Wong Kari E KE Miller Edgar R ER Coresh Josef J Appel Lawrence J LJ Rebholz Casey M CM

Molecular nutrition & food research 20220205 6

<h4>Scope</h4>Lack of biomarkers is a challenge for the accurate assessment of protein intake and interpretation of observational study data. The study aims to identify biomarkers of a protein-rich dietary pattern.<h4>Methods and results</h4>The Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OmniHeart) trial is a randomized cross-over feeding study which tested three dietary patterns with varied macronutrient content (carbohydrate-rich; protein-rich with about half from plant sourc ...[more]

PMID: 35081272

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Project description:BackgroundAccurate assessment of dietary intake is essential, but self-report of dietary intake is prone to measurement error and bias. Discovering metabolic consequences of diets with lower compared with higher protein intake could elucidate new, objective biomarkers of protein intake.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to identify serum metabolites associated with dietary protein intake.MethodsMetabolites were measured with the use of untargeted, reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification in serum specimens collected at the 12-mo follow-up visit in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study from 482 participants in study A (glomerular filtration rate: 25-55 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2) and 192 participants in study B (glomerular filtration rate: 13-24 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2). We used multivariable linear regression to test for differences in log-transformed metabolites (outcome) according to randomly assigned dietary protein intervention groups (exposure). Statistical significance was assessed at the Bonferroni-corrected threshold: 0.05/1193 = 4.2 × 10-5.ResultsIn study A, 130 metabolites (83 known from 28 distinct pathways, including 7 amino acid pathways; 47 unknown) were significantly different between participants randomly assigned to the low-protein diet compared with the moderate-protein diet. In study B, 32 metabolites (22 known from 8 distinct pathways, including 4 amino acid pathways; 10 unknown) were significantly different between participants randomly assigned to the very-low-protein diet compared with the low-protein diet. A total of 11 known metabolites were significantly associated with protein intake in the same direction in both studies A and B: 3-methylhistidine, N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, xanthurenate, isovalerylcarnitine, creatine, kynurenate, 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-16:0/20:4), 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-18:0/20:4), 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (P-16:0/20:4), sulfate, and γ-glutamylalanine.ConclusionsAmong patients with chronic kidney disease, an untargeted serum metabolomics platform identified multiple pathways and metabolites associated with dietary protein intake. Further research is necessary to characterize unknown compounds and to examine these metabolites in association with dietary protein intake among individuals without kidney disease.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03202914.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been related to intrauterine brain development and neurodevelopmental disabilities in adult life. We aim to investigate associations between periconceptional maternal dietary patterns and prenatal cerebellar growth from the first trimester onwards. MATERIALS AND METHODS:126 women with singleton non-malformed pregnancies were enrolled before 8 weeks of gestation in the Rotterdam periconceptional cohort between 2013 and 2015. Periconceptional maternal dietary patterns were extracted from food frequency questionnaires and associated with blood biomarkers and micronutrient intakes. Serial two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound scans were performed at 9, 11, 22, 26 and 32 weeks of gestation for transcerebellar diameter (TCD) measurement. Linear mixed models were estimated to investigate associations between periconceptional maternal dietary patterns and longitudinal TCD measurements as a function of gestational age. RESULTS:We performed a median of 4 scans per pregnancy, resulting in 570 total datasets. The success rate of TCD measurements was 87% (range 65-100%), depending on gestational age. The Mediterranean, Western, egg-rich and dairy-rich dietary patterns were extracted, explaining 37.2% of the overall variance of food intake in this population. The dairy-rich dietary pattern was positively associated with cerebellar growth trajectories (β = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01; 0.03) √mm, p = 0.01). Maternal strong adherence to this dietary pattern increased TCD measurements by 0.8 standard deviation scores (SDs) compared to weak adherence, reflected in increased TCD estimates of 0.44 mm at 9 weeks (+6.8%), 0.88 mm at 22 weeks (+3.6%), and 1.17 mm at 32 weeks (+2.8%). No significant associations were detected for the Mediterranean, Western and egg-rich dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS:This study shows a positive association between periconceptional maternal adherence to a dairy-rich dietary pattern and human prenatal TCD measurements as a proxy of cerebellar growth. Next step is the investigation of the impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring.

Project description:ObjectiveWhile dietary intake is linked to stroke risk, surrogate markers that could inform personalized dietary interventions are lacking. We identified metabolites associated with diet patterns and incident stroke in a nested cohort from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.MethodsLevels of 162 metabolites were measured in baseline plasma from stroke cases (n = 1,198) and random controls (n = 904). We examined associations between metabolites and a plant-based diet pattern previously linked to reduced stroke risk in REGARDS. Secondary analyses included 3 additional stroke-associated diet patterns: a Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Southern diet. Metabolites were tested using Cox proportional hazards models with incident stroke as the outcome. Replication was performed in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Inverse odds ratio-weighted mediation was used to determine whether metabolites mediated the association between a plant-based diet and stroke risk.ResultsMetabolites associated with a plant-based diet included the gut metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (β = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 0.33], p = 1.14 × 10-6 ), guanosine (β = -0.13, 95% CI [-0.19, -0.07], p = 6.48 × 10-5 ), gluconic acid (β = -0.11, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.04], p = 2.06 × 10-3 ), and C7 carnitine (β = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.09], p = 4.14 × 10-5 ). All of these metabolites were associated with both additional diet patterns and altered stroke risk. Mediation analyses identified guanosine (32.6% mediation, p = 1.51 × 10-3 ), gluconic acid (35.7%, p = 2.28 × 10-3 ), and C7 carnitine (26.2%, p = 1.88 × 10-2 ) as mediators linking a plant-based diet to reduced stroke risk.InterpretationA subset of diet-related metabolites are associated with risk of stroke. These metabolites could serve as surrogate markers that inform dietary interventions. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:500-510.

Dataset Information

Plasma Metabolites Associated with a Protein-Rich Dietary Pattern: Results from the OmniHeart Trial.

Scope

Methods and results

Conclusions

Publications

Plasma Metabolites Associated with a Protein-Rich Dietary Pattern: Results from the OmniHeart Trial.

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