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Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance.

ABSTRACT: Diet is a major factor that shapes the gut microbiome¹, but the consequences of diet-induced changes in the microbiome for host pathophysiology remain poorly understood. We conducted a randomized human intervention study using a very-low-calorie diet (NCT01105143). Although metabolic health was improved, severe calorie restriction led to a decrease in bacterial abundance and restructuring of the gut microbiome. Transplantation of post-diet microbiota to mice decreased their body weight and adiposity relative to mice that received pre-diet microbiota. Weight loss was associated with impaired nutrient absorption and enrichment in Clostridioides difficile, which was consistent with a decrease in bile acids and was sufficient to replicate metabolic phenotypes in mice in a toxin-dependent manner. These results emphasize the importance of diet-microbiome interactions in modulating host energy balance and the need to understand the role of diet in the interplay between pathogenic and beneficial symbionts.

SUBMITTER: von Schwartzenberg RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8959578 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Caloric restriction and rat fecal microbiota

Project description:Characterization of the fecal metaproteome in rats fed ad libitum or following a caloric restriction diet

2018-10-08 | PXD007252 | Pride

Caloric restriction induces anabolic resistance to resistance exercise.

Project description:PurposeWeight loss can result in the loss of muscle mass and bone mineral density. Resistance exercise is commonly prescribed to attenuate these effects. However, the anabolic endocrine response to resistance exercise during caloric restriction has not been characterized.MethodsParticipants underwent 3-day conditions of caloric restriction (15 kcal kg FFM-1) with post-exercise carbohydrate (CRC) and with post-exercise protein (CRP), and an energy balance control (40 kcal kg FFM-1) with post-exercise carbohydrate (CON). Serial blood draws were taken following five sets of five repetitions of the barbell back squat exercise on day 3 of each condition.ResultsIn CRC and CRP, respectively, growth hormone peaked at 2.6 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0.9 times the peak concentrations observed during CON. Despite this, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations declined 18.3 ± 3.4% in CRC and 27.2 ± 3.8% in CRP, which was greater than the 7.6 ± 3.6% decline in CON, over the subsequent 24 h. Sclerostin increased over the first 2 days of each intervention by 19.2 ± 5.6% in CRC, 21.8 ± 6.2% in CRP and 13.4 ± 5.9% in CON, but following the resistance exercise bout, these increases were attenuated and no longer significant.ConclusionDuring caloric restriction, there is considerable endocrine anabolic resistance to a single bout of resistance exercise which persists in the presence of post-exercise whey protein supplementation. Alternative strategies to restore the sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor-1 to growth hormone need to be explored.

| S-EPMC8233264 | biostudies-literature

Complementary intestinal mucosa and microbiota responses to caloric restriction.

Project description:The intestine is key for nutrient absorption and for interactions between the microbiota and its host. Therefore, the intestinal response to caloric restriction (CR) is thought to be more complex than that of any other organ. Submitting mice to 25% CR during 14 days induced a polarization of duodenum mucosa cell gene expression characterised by upregulation, and downregulation of the metabolic and immune/inflammatory pathways, respectively. The HNF, PPAR, STAT, and IRF families of transcription factors, particularly the Ppar? and Isgf3 genes, were identified as potentially critical players in these processes. The impact of CR on metabolic genes in intestinal mucosa was mimicked by inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, multiple duodenum and faecal metabolites were altered in CR mice. These changes were dependent on microbiota and their magnitude corresponded to microbial density. Further experiments using mice with depleted gut bacteria and CR-specific microbiota transfer showed that the gene expression polarization observed in the mucosa of CR mice is independent of the microbiota and its metabolites. The holistic interdisciplinary approach that we applied allowed us to characterize various regulatory aspects of the host and microbiota response to CR.

| S-EPMC6063912 | biostudies-literature

caloric restriction

Project description:caloric restriction

| PRJNA87197 | ENA

Functional Gut Microbiota Remodeling Contributes to the Caloric Restriction-Induced Metabolic Improvements.

Project description:Caloric restriction (CR) stimulates development of functional beige fat and extends healthy lifespan. Here we show that compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota contribute to a number of CR-induced metabolic improvements and promote fat browning. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to a lower expression of the key bacterial enzymes necessary for the lipid A biosynthesis, a critical lipopolysaccharide (LPS) building component. The decreased LPS dictates the tone of the innate immune response during CR, leading to increased eosinophil infiltration and anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in fat of the CR animals. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of the LPS-TLR4 pathway or transplantation with Tlr4-/- bone-marrow-derived hematopoietic cells increases beige fat development and ameliorates diet-induced fatty liver, while Tlr4-/- or microbiota-depleted mice are resistant to further CR-stimulated metabolic alterations. These data reveal signals critical for our understanding of the microbiota-fat signaling axis during CR and provide potential new anti-obesity therapeutics.

| S-EPMC6288182 | biostudies-literature

caloric restriction

Project description:Mice were killed between 24 to 26 months of age, tissues removed, rapidly frozen on dry ice, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Total liver RNA was isolated from frozen tissue as described (T. Tsuchiya, J.M. Dhahbi, X. Cui, P.L. Mote, A. Bartke, S.R. Spindler, Physiological Genomics, Submitted). mRNA levels were measured using the Affymetrix mouse U74Av2 array according to standard protocols. After hybridization, arrays were scanned using a Hewlett-Packard GeneArray Scanner. Image analysis was performed as described (Cao SX, Dhahbi JM, Mote PL, and Spindler SR. Genomic profiling of short- and long-term caloric restriction effects in the liver of aging mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 10630-10635, 2001). A more detailed description of the methods can be found in (T. Tsuchiya, J.M. Dhahbi, X. Cui, P.L. Mote, A. Bartke, S.R. Spindler, Physiological Genomics, Submitted). This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2005-01-10 | GSE1093 | GEO

Effect of Resistance Training and Caloric Restriction on the Metabolic Syndrome.

Project description:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is greatest in older obese adults, and effective evidence-based treatment strategies are lacking. This study determined the efficacy of adding caloric restriction (CR) for weight loss to resistance training (RT) on MetS and its individual components in older overweight and obese adults.We performed a 5-month randomized controlled trial in 126 older (65-79 yr) overweight and obese (body mass index = 27-35 kg·m) men and women who were assigned to a progressive 3-d·wk moderate-intensity RT with (RT + CR) or without caloric restriction (RT). MetS components, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, were determined before and immediately after the interventions.Body mass decreased in RT + CR (-5.67% loss of initial mass) but was unchanged in RT (-0.15%). Compared with RT, RT + CR resulted in reduced VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P between 0.000 and 0.013). The RT group showed no significant within-group changes in MetS criteria. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, the number of metabolic abnormalities and the presence of MetS significantly decreased with RT + CR. There were significant group differences for abdominal obesity, hypertension, and number of metabolic abnormalities.RT + CR is an effective strategy for improving some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS among older overweight and obese adults.

| S-EPMC5315658 | biostudies-literature

Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women.

Project description:Recent findings suggest an association between obesity, loss of gut barrier function and changes in microbiota profiles. Our primary objective was to examine the effect of caloric restriction and subsequent weight reduction on gut permeability in obese women. The impact on inflammatory markers and fecal microbiota was also investigated. The 4-week very-low calorie diet (VLCD, 800?kcal/day) induced a mean weight loss of 6.9?±?1.9?kg accompanied by a reduction in HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), fasting plasma glucose and insulin, plasma leptin, and leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Plasma high-molecular weight adiponectin (HMW adiponectin) was significantly increased after VLCD. Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were significantly decreased after 28 days of VLCD. Using three different methods, gut paracellular permeability was decreased after VLCD. These changes in clinical parameters were not associated with major consistent changes in dominant bacterial communities in feces. In summary, a 4-week caloric restriction resulted in significant weight loss, improved gut barrier integrity and reduced systemic inflammation in obese women.

| S-EPMC5607294 | biostudies-literature

Caloric restriction promotes rapid expansion and long-lasting increase of Lactobacillus in the rat fecal microbiota.

Project description:Previous studies indicated that caloric restricted diet enables to lower significantly the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In experimental animal models, life-long lasting caloric restriction (CR) was demonstrated to induce changes of the intestinal microbiota composition, regardless of fat content and/or exercise. To explore the potential impact of short and long-term CR treatment on the gut microbiota, we conducted an analysis of fecal microbiota composition in young and adult Fisher 344 rats treated with a low fat feed under ad libitum (AL) or CR conditions (70%). We report here significant changes of the rat fecal microbiota that arise rapidly in young growing animals after short-term administration of a CR diet. In particular, Lactobacillus increased significantly after 8 weeks of CR treatment and its relative abundance was significantly higher in CR vs AL fed animals after 36 weeks of dietary intervention. Taken together, our data suggest that Lactobacillus intestinal colonization is hampered in AL fed young rats compared to CR fed ones, while health-promoting CR diet intervention enables the expansion of this genus rapidly and persistently up to adulthood.

| S-EPMC5989789 | biostudies-literature

Caloric restriction promotes functional changes involving short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in the rat gut microbiota.

Project description:Caloric restriction (CR) is known to promote health and longevity, likely via modification of the gut microbiota (GM). However, functional and metabolic changes induced in the GM during CR are still unidentified. Here, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of CR on the rat GM using a metaproteogenomic approach. We show that a switch from ad libitum (AL) low fat diet to CR in young rats is able to induce rapid and deep changes in their GM metaproteomic profile, related to a reduction of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and an expansion of lactobacilli. Specifically, we observed a significant change in the expression of the microbial enzymes responsible for short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, with CR boosting propionogenesis and limiting butyrogenesis and acetogenesis. Furthermore, these CR-induced effects were maintained up to adulthood and started to be reversed after a short-term diet change. We also found that CR alters the abundance of an array of host proteins released in stool, mainly related to epithelial barrier integrity and inflammation. Hence, our results provide thorough information about CR-induced modifications to GM and host functional activity, and might constitute the basis for novel GM-based approaches aimed at monitoring the effectiveness of dietary interventions.

| S-EPMC6170429 | biostudies-literature

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