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A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination.

ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years. Currently, many countries have still not been able to take the pandemic under control. In this review, we systematically summarized what we have done to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspectives of virus transmission, public health control measures, to the development and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines. As a virus most likely coming from bats, the SARS-CoV-2 may transmit among people via airborne, faecal-oral, vertical or foodborne routes. Our meta-analysis suggested that the R₀ of COVID-19 was 2.9 (95% CI: 2.7-3.1), and the estimates in Africa and Europe could be higher. The median R_t could decrease by 23-96% following the nonpharmacological interventions, including lockdown, isolation, social distance, and face mask, etc. Comprehensive intervention and lockdown were the most effective measures to control the pandemic. According to the pooled R₀ in our meta-analysis, there should be at least 93.3% (95% CI: 89.9-96.2%) people being vaccinated around the world. Limited amount of vaccines and the inequity issues in vaccine allocation call for more international cooperation to achieve the anti-epidemic goals and vaccination fairness.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9047653 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination.

Zhang Yuqin Y Wu Gonghua G Chen Shirui S Ju Xu X Yimaer Wumitijiang W Zhang Wangjian W Lin Shao S Hao Yuantao Y Gu Jing J Li Jinghua J

Medical review (2021) 20220201 1

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years. Currently, many countries have still not been able to take the pandemic under control. In this review, we systematically summarized what we have done to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspectives of virus transmission, public health control measures, to the development and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines. As a virus most likely coming ...[more]

PMID: 35658107

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Project description:Appearing in Wuhan (China) and quickly spreading across the globe, the novel coronavirus infection quickly became a significant threat to global health. The year 2021 was characterized by both increases and decreases in COVID-19 incidence, and Russia was no exception. In this work, we describe regional features in the Northwestern federal district (FD) of Russia of the pandemic in 2021 based on Rospotrebnadzor statistics and data from SARS-CoV-2 genetic monitoring provided by the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute as a part of epidemiological surveillance. The epidemiological situation in the studied region was complicated by the presence of the megacity Saint Petersburg, featuring a high population density and its status as an international transport hub. COVID-19 incidence in the Northwestern FD fluctuated throughout the year, with two characteristic maxima in January and November. An analysis of fluctuations in the age structure, severity of morbidity, mortality rates, and the level of population vaccination in the region during the year is given. Assessment of epidemiological indicators was carried out in relation to changes in locally circulating genetic variants. It was seen that, during 2021, so-called variants of concern (VOC) circulated in the region (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron), with Delta variant strains dominating from June to December. They successively replaced the variants of lines 20A and 20B circulating at the beginning of the year. An epidemiological feature of the northwestern region is the AT.1 variant, which was identified for the first time and later spread throughout the region and beyond its borders. Its share of the regional viral population reached 28.2% in May, and sporadic cases were observed until September. It has been shown that genetic variants of AT.1 lineages distributed in Russia and Northern Europe represent a single phylogenetic group at the base of the 20B branch on the global phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 strains. The progression of the COVID-19 pandemic occurred against the background of a vaccination campaign. The findings highlight the impact of vaccination on lowering severe COVID-19 case numbers and the mortality rate, despite ongoing changes in circulating SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants.

Dataset Information

A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination.

Publications

A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination.

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