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Enhanced methane gas storage in the form of hydrates: role of the confined water molecules in silica powders.

ABSTRACT: Methane hydrates are promising materials for storage and transportation of natural gas; however, the slow kinetics and inefficient water to hydrate conversions impede its broad scale utilisation. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate rapid (2-3 h) and efficient methane hydrate conversions by utilising the water molecules confined in the intra- and inter-granular space of silica powders. All the experiments were conducted with amorphous silica (10 g) powders of 2-30 μm; 10-20 nm grain size, to mimic the hydrate formations in fine sand and clay dominated environments under moderate methane pressure (7-8 MPa). Encasing of methane molecules in hydrate cages was confirmed by Raman spectroscopic (ex situ) and thermodynamic phase boundary measurements. The present studies reveal that the water to hydrate conversion is relatively slower in 10-20 nm grain size silica, although the nucleation event is rapid in both silicas. The process of hydrate conversion is vastly diffusion-controlled, and this was distinctly observed during the hydrate growth in nanosize silica.

SUBMITTER: Prasad PSR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9053743 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Enhanced methane gas storage in the form of hydrates: role of the confined water molecules in silica powders.

Prasad Pinnelli S R PSR Kiran Burla Sai BS Sowjanya Kandadai K

RSC advances 20200507 30

Methane hydrates are promising materials for storage and transportation of natural gas; however, the slow kinetics and inefficient water to hydrate conversions impede its broad scale utilisation. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate rapid (2-3 h) and efficient methane hydrate conversions by utilising the water molecules confined in the intra- and inter-granular space of silica powders. All the experiments were conducted with amorphous silica (10 g) powders of 2-30 μm; 10-20 nm grai ...[more]

PMID: 35515598

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Project description:BACKGROUND:OZ439 is a new chemical entity which is active against drug-resistant malaria and shows potential as a single-dose cure. However, development of an oral formulation with desired exposure has proved problematic, as OZ439 is poorly soluble (BCS Class II drug). In order to be feasible for low and middle income countries (LMICs), any process to create or formulate such a therapeutic must be inexpensive at scale, and the resulting formulation must survive without refrigeration even in hot, humid climates. We here demonstrate the scalability and stability of a nanoparticle (NP) formulation of OZ439. Previously, we applied a combination of hydrophobic ion pairing and Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to formulate OZ439 NPs 150 nm in diameter using the inexpensive stabilizer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). Lyophilization was used to process the NPs into a dry form, and the powder's in vitro solubilization was over tenfold higher than unprocessed OZ439. METHODS:In this study, we optimize our previous formulation using a large-scale multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM). Spray drying is a more scalable and less expensive operation than lyophilization and is, therefore, optimized to produce dry powders. The spray dried powders are then subjected to a series of accelerated aging stability trials at high temperature and humidity conditions. RESULTS:The spray dried OZ439 powder's dissolution kinetics are superior to those of lyophilized NPs. The powder's OZ439 solubilization profile remains constant after 1 month in uncapped vials in an oven at 50 °C and 75% RH, and for 6 months in capped vials at 40 °C and 75% RH. In fasted-state intestinal fluid, spray dried NPs achieved 80-85% OZ439 dissolution, to a concentration of 430 µg/mL, within 3 h. In fed-state intestinal fluid, 95-100% OZ439 dissolution is achieved within 1 h, to a concentration of 535 µg/mL. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry profiles similarly remain constant over these periods. CONCLUSIONS:The combined nanofabrication and drying process described herein, which utilizes two continuous unit operations that can be operated at scale, is an important step toward an industrially-relevant method of formulating the antimalarial OZ439 into a single-dose oral form with good stability against humidity and temperature.

Dataset Information

Enhanced methane gas storage in the form of hydrates: role of the confined water molecules in silica powders.

Publications

Enhanced methane gas storage in the form of hydrates: role of the confined water molecules in silica powders.

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