Dataset Information

Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background & aims

In patients with celiac disease, gluten triggers an immune reaction that damages small intestinal villi and may increase long-term risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, the health impacts of gluten in the general population are understudied. We aimed to examine the association between gluten intake and risk of digestive system cancers among individuals without celiac disease.

Methods

We leveraged longitudinal data from 3 prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2018, 73,166 women aged 65.1 ± 10.8 years), Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2017, 90,423 women aged 49.1 ± 8.2 years), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016, 42,617 men aged 64.8 ± 10.8 years). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of digestive system cancers according to quintiles of gluten intake assessed from food frequency questionnaires.

Results

During 4,801,513 person-years of follow-up, we documented 6231 incident digestive system cancer cases among 3 cohorts. After adjusting for a wide-range of risk factors, including body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, gluten intake was not associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancer, with a hazard ratio of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.02) comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of gluten intake (P trend = .05). Similar null associations were found for individual digestive system cancers: oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, small intestine cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, and liver cancer.

Conclusions

Gluten intake was not associated with risk of digestive system cancers in adults without celiac disease. Restricting dietary gluten is unlikely to be beneficial to the prevention of digestive system cancers in the general population.

SUBMITTER: Wang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9110553 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies.

Wang Yiqing Y Cao Yin Y Lebwohl Benjamin B Song Mingyang M Sun Qi Q Green Peter H R PHR Giovannucci Edward L EL Willett Walter C WC Chan Andrew T AT

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 20211117 9

<h4>Background & aims</h4>In patients with celiac disease, gluten triggers an immune reaction that damages small intestinal villi and may increase long-term risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, the health impacts of gluten in the general population are understudied. We aimed to examine the association between gluten intake and risk of digestive system cancers among individuals without celiac disease.<h4>Methods</h4>We leveraged longitudinal data from 3 prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Healt ...[more]

PMID: 34800737

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Project description:BackgroundUnrestrained eating behavior, as a potential proxy for diet frequency, timing, and caloric intake, has been questioned as a plausible risk factor for digestive system cancers, but epidemiological evidence remains sparse.ObjectivesWe investigated prospectively the associations between unrestrained eating behavior and digestive system cancer risk.MethodsParticipants in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of cancer and reported dietary information in 1994 were followed for ≤18 y. Cox models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for unrestrained eating (eating anything at any time, no concern with figure change, or both) and risk of digestive system cancers.ResultsDuring follow-up, 2064 digestive system cancer cases were documented among 70,450 eligible participants in analyses of eating anything at any time, In total, 2081 digestive system cancer cases were documented among 72,468 eligible participants in analyses of no concern with figure change. In fully adjusted analyses, women with the behavior of eating anything at any time had a higher risk of overall digestive system cancer (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35), overall gastrointestinal tract cancer ((HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.50), buccal cavity and pharynx cancer (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.21), esophageal cancer (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.62), small intestine cancer (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.02,3. 59), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.38), and a non-statistically significant increased risk of stomach cancer (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.96,2.48), compared with women without this behavior. No statistically significant association was observed for pancreatic cancer and liver and gallbladder cancer. The combined effect of eating anything at any time and having no concern with figure change was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall digestive system cancer (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.46), overall gastrointestinal tract cancer (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.71), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.63), compared with women exhibiting the opposite.ConclusionsUnrestrained eating behavior was independently associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers. The potential importance of unrestrained eating behavior modification in preventing gastrointestinal tract cancers should be noted.

Dataset Information

Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies.

Background & aims

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies.

Similar Datasets

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