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Association Mechanism and Conformational Changes in Trypsin on Its Interaction with Atrazine: A Multi- Spectroscopic and Biochemical Study with Computational Approach.

ABSTRACT: Atrazine (ATR) is a herbicide globally used to eliminate undesired weeds. Herbicide usage leads to various adverse effects on human health and the environment. The primary source of herbicides in humans is the food laced with the herbicides. The ATR binding to trypsin (TYP) was investigated in this study to explore its binding potential and toxicity. In vitro interaction of ATR with TYP was studied using multi-spectroscopic methods, molecular docking, and enzyme kinetics to explore the mechanism of binding for the TYP-ATR system. The TYP-ATR complex revealed binding constants (10³ M^-1), suggesting a moderate binding. The free energy for the TYP-ATR complexes was negative, suggesting a spontaneous interaction. Thermodynamic parameters enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) obtained positive values for the TYP-ATR system suggesting hydrophobic interactions in the binding process. Micro-environmental and conformational changes in TYP molecules were induced on interaction with ATR. Reduced catalytic activity of TYP was observed after interaction with ATR owing to the changes in the secondary structure of the TYP.

SUBMITTER: Khayyat AIA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9146720 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association Mechanism and Conformational Changes in Trypsin on Its Interaction with Atrazine: A Multi- Spectroscopic and Biochemical Study with Computational Approach.

Khayyat Arwa Ishaq A AIA Zargar Seema S Wani Tanveer A TA Rehman Muneeb U MU Khan Azmat Ali AA

International journal of molecular sciences 20220518 10

Atrazine (ATR) is a herbicide globally used to eliminate undesired weeds. Herbicide usage leads to various adverse effects on human health and the environment. The primary source of herbicides in humans is the food laced with the herbicides. The ATR binding to trypsin (TYP) was investigated in this study to explore its binding potential and toxicity. In vitro interaction of ATR with TYP was studied using multi-spectroscopic methods, molecular docking, and enzyme kinetics to explore the mechanism ...[more]

PMID: 35628445

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Project description:The conformational changes around the thioester-bond region of human or bovine alpha 2M (alpha 2-macroglobulin) on reaction with methylamine or trypsin were studied with the probe AEDANS [N-(acetylaminoethyl)-8-naphthylamine-1-sulphonic acid], bound to the liberated thiol groups. The binding affected the fluorescence emission and lifetime of the probe in a manner indicating that the thioester-bond region is partially buried in all forms of the inhibitor. In human alpha 2M these effects were greater for the trypsin-treated than for the methylamine-treated inhibitor, which both have undergone similar, major, conformational changes. This difference may thus be due to a close proximity of the thioester region to the bound proteinase. Reaction of trypsin with thiol-labelled methylamine-treated bovine alpha 2M, which retains a near-native conformation and inhibitory activity, indicated that the major conformational change accompanying the binding of proteinases involves transfer of the thioester-bond region to a more polar environment without increasing the exposure of this region at the surface of the protein. Labelling of the transglutaminase cross-linking site of human alpha 2M with dansylcadaverine [N-(5-aminopentyl)-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonamide] suggested that this site is in moderately hydrophobic surroundings. Reaction of the labelled inhibitor with methylamine or trypsin produced fluorescence changes consistent with further burial of the cross-linking site. These changes were more pronounced for trypsin-treated than for methylamine-treated alpha 2M, presumably an effect of the cleavage of the adjacent 'bait' region. Solvent perturbation of the u.v. absorption and iodide quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence of human alpha 2M showed that one or two tryptophan residues in each alpha 2M monomer are buried on reaction with methylamine or trypsin, with no discernible change in the exposure of tyrosine residues. Together, these results indicate an extensive conformational change of alpha 2M on reaction with amines or proteinases and are consistent with several aspects of a recently proposed model of alpha 2M structure [Feldman, Gonias & Pizzo (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 5700-5704].

Dataset Information

Association Mechanism and Conformational Changes in Trypsin on Its Interaction with Atrazine: A Multi- Spectroscopic and Biochemical Study with Computational Approach.

Publications

Association Mechanism and Conformational Changes in Trypsin on Its Interaction with Atrazine: A Multi- Spectroscopic and Biochemical Study with Computational Approach.

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