Dataset Information

Novel retinal observations in a child with DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome is the most common human deletion syndrome with wide range of ocular manifestations. Herein we describe a case with novel retinal observations in this conditions.

Observations

Retinal vascular dysplasia, peripapillary, intraretinal and vitreous hemorrhage were observed in a premature child with DiGeorge syndrome. Vitreous hemorrhage was treated with intravitreal injection of anti-angiogenicagents and pars plana vitrectomy surgery. Fundus fluorescein angiography did not confirm leakage of dye from dysplastic retinal vessels.

Conclusions and importance

Patients with DiGeorge syndrome may develop retinal vascular dysplasia, peripapillary, intraretinal and vitreous hemorrhage.

SUBMITTER: Kozak I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9184887 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Novel retinal observations in a child with DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome.

Kozak Igor I Ali Syed A SA Wu Wei-Chi WC

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 20220606

<h4>Purpose</h4>DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome is the most common human deletion syndrome with wide range of ocular manifestations. Herein we describe a case with novel retinal observations in this conditions.<h4>Observations</h4>Retinal vascular dysplasia, peripapillary, intraretinal and vitreous hemorrhage were observed in a premature child with DiGeorge syndrome. Vitreous hemorrhage was treated with intravitreal injection of <i>anti</i>-angiogenicagents and pars plana vitrectomy surgery ...[more]

PMID: 35692436

Similar Datasets

Project description:Hemizygous deletions of the chromosome 22q11.2 region result in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome also referred to as DiGeorge, Velocardiofacial or Shprintzen syndromes. The phenotype is variable but commonly includes conotruncal cardiac defects, palatal abnormalities, learning and behavioral problems, immune deficiency, and facial anomalies. Four distinct highly homologous blocks of low copy number repeat sequences (LCRs) flank the deletion region. Mispairing of LCRs during meiosis with unequal meiotic exchange is assumed to cause the recurrent and consistent deletions. The proximal LCR is reportedly located at 22q11.2 from 17.037 to 17.083 Mb while the distal LCR is located from 19.835 to 19.880 Mb. Although the chromosome breakpoints are thought to localize to the LCRs, the positions of the breakpoints have been investigated in only a few individuals. Therefore, we used high resolution oligonucleotide-based 244K microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to resolve the breakpoints in a cohort of 20 subjects with known 22q11.2 deletions. We also investigated copy number variation (CNV) in the rest of the genome. The 22q11.2 breaks occurred on either side of the LCR in our subjects, although more commonly on the distal side of the reported proximal LCR. The proximal breakpoints in our subjects spanned the region from 17.036 to 17.398 Mb. This region includes the genes DGCR6 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region protein 6) and PRODH (proline dehydrogenase 1), along with three open reading frames that may encode proteins of unknown function. The distal breakpoints spanned the region from 19.788 to 20.122 Mb. This region includes the genes GGT2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase-like protein 2), HIC2 (hypermethylated in cancer 2), and multiple transcripts of unknown function. The genes in these two breakpoint regions are variably hemizygous depending on the location of the breakpoints. Our 20 subjects had 254 CNVs throughout the genome, 94 duplications and 160 deletions, ranging in size from 1 kb to 2.4 Mb. The presence or absence of genes at the breakpoints depending on the size of the deletion plus variation in the rest of the genome due to CNVs likely contribute to the variable phenotype associated with the 22q11.2 deletion or DiGeorge syndrome.

Project description:Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a copy number variation (CNV) disorder, occurs in approximately 1:4000 live births due to a heterozygous microdeletion at position 11.2 (proximal) on the q arm of human chromosome 22 (hChr22) (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011). This disorder was known as DiGeorge syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) or conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) based upon diagnostic cardiovascular, pharyngeal, and craniofacial anomalies (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011; Burn et al., J Med Genet 30:822-4, 1993) before this phenotypic spectrum was associated with 22q11.2 CNVs. Subsequently, 22q11.2 deletion emerged as a major genomic lesion associated with vulnerability for several clinically defined behavioral deficits common to a number of neurodevelopmental disorders (Fernandez et al., Principles of Developmental Genetics, 2015; Robin and Shprintzen, J Pediatr 147:90-6, 2005; Schneider et al., Am J Psychiatry 171:627-39, 2014).ResultsThe mechanistic relationships between heterozygously deleted 22q11.2 genes and 22q11DS phenotypes are still unknown. We assembled a comprehensive "line-up" of the 36 protein coding loci in the 1.5 Mb minimal critical deleted region on hChr22q11.2, plus 20 protein coding loci in the distal 1.5 Mb that defines the 3 Mb typical 22q11DS deletion. We categorized candidates based upon apparent primary cell biological functions. We analyzed 41 of these genes that encode known proteins to determine whether haploinsufficiency of any single 22q11.2 gene-a one gene to one phenotype correspondence due to heterozygous deletion restricted to that locus-versus complex multigenic interactions can account for single or multiple 22q11DS phenotypes.ConclusionsOur 22q11.2 functional genomic assessment does not support current theories of single gene haploinsufficiency for one or all 22q11DS phenotypes. Shared molecular functions, convergence on fundamental cell biological processes, and related consequences of individual 22q11.2 genes point to a matrix of multigenic interactions due to diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage. These interactions target fundamental cellular mechanisms essential for development, maturation, or homeostasis at subsets of 22q11DS phenotypic sites.

Dataset Information

Novel retinal observations in a child with DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome.

Purpose

Observations

Conclusions and importance

Publications

Novel retinal observations in a child with DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets