Accuracy of Rapid Antigen vs Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in College Athletes During Prevalence of the Omicron Variant.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tsao J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9201670 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Here we designed and tested two highly specific quantitative TaqMan(®)-MGB-based reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The primers and probes for these assays were evaluated and found to have a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 plaque-forming units/PCR (pfu/PCR).
| S-EPMC7126732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vesiculoviruses (VSV) are zoonotic viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis disease in cattle, horses and pigs, as well as sporadic human cases of acute febrile illness. Therefore, diagnosis of VSV infections by reliable laboratory techniques is important to allow a proper case management and implementation of strategies for the containment of virus spread. We show here a sensitive and reproducible real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection and quantification of VSV. The assay was evaluated with arthropods and serum samples obtained from horses, cattle and patients with acute febrile disease. The real-time RT-PCR amplified the Piry, Carajas, Alagoas and Indiana Vesiculovirus at a melting temperature 81.02 ± 0.8ºC, and the sensitivity of assay was estimated in 10 RNA copies/mL to the Piry Vesiculovirus. The viral genome has been detected in samples of horses and cattle, but not detected in human sera or arthropods. Thus, this assay allows a preliminary differential diagnosis of VSV infections.
| S-EPMC4909037 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVariant high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have recently emerged as a result of reassortment of the H5 haemagglutinin (HA) gene with different neuraminidase (NA) genes, including NA1, NA2, NA5, NA6 and NA8. These viruses form a newly proposed HA clade 2.3.4.4 (previously provisionally referred to as clade 2.3.4.6), and have been implicated in disease outbreaks in poultry in China, South Korea, Laos, Japan and Vietnam and a human fatality in China. There is real concern that this new clade may be wide spread and not readily identified using existing diagnostic algorithms.FindingsFluorescent probe based reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were developed to facilitate the identification of novel clade 2.3.4.4 viruses of H5N6 subtype emerging in Asia. Assays were aimed at the haemagglutinin (HA) gene for clade identification and at the NA gene to identify N6. The HA assay employing a minor groove binder (MGB) probe was able to detect and differentiate A/duck/Laos/XBY004/2014(H5N6) and related influenza A(H5N6) virus isolates belonging to the proposed clade 2.3.4.4 from other H5 HPAI viruses. In addition, an Eurasian N6 assay was able to differentiate N6 from other NA subtypes.ConclusionsLaos influenza A(H5N6) virus representative of proposed clade 2.3.4.4, was detected and differentiated from viruses in other H5N1 clades using a clade-specific HA RT-qPCR assay whereas the N6-NA subtype was determined by an Eurasian N6 RT-qPCR assay. Such a clade-specific assay would be of particular value for surveillance and in diagnostic laboratories where sequencing is not readily available.
| S-EPMC4328077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Identifying the primary site in patients with metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary origin can enable more specific therapeutic regimens and may prolong survival. Twenty-three putative tissue-specific markers for lung, colon, pancreatic, breast, prostate, and ovarian carcinomas were nominated by querying a gene expression profile database and by performing a literature search. Ten of these marker candidates were then selected based on validation by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on 205 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded metastatic carcinoma specimens originating from these six and from other cancer types. Next, we optimized the RNA isolation and quantitative RT-PCR methods for these 10 markers and applied the quantitative RT-PCR assay to a set of 260 metastatic tumors. We then built a gene-based algorithm that predicted the tissue of origin of metastatic carcinomas with an overall leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy of 78%. Lastly, our assay demonstrated an accuracy of 76% when tested on an independent set of 48 metastatic samples, 37 of which were either a known primary or initially presented as carcinoma of unknown primary but were subsequently resolved.
| S-EPMC1867609 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceThe reopening of colleges and universities in the US during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant public health challenge. The development of accessible and practical approaches for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in the college population is paramount for deploying recurrent surveillance testing as an essential strategy for virus detection, containment, and mitigation.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic participants in a university community by using CREST (Cas13-based, rugged, equitable, scalable testing), a CRISPR-based test developed for accessible and large-scale viral screening.Design, setting, and participantsFor this cohort study, a total of 1808 asymptomatic participants were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using a CRISPR-based assay and a point-of-reference reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test. Viral prevalence in self-collected oropharyngeal swab samples collected from May 28 to June 11, 2020, and from June 23 to July 2, 2020, was evaluated.ExposuresTesting for SARS-CoV-2.Main outcomes and measuresSARS-CoV-2 status, viral load, and demographic information of the study participants were collected.ResultsAmong the 1808 participants (mean [SD] age, 27.3 [11.0] years; 955 [52.8%] female), 732 underwent testing from May to early June (mean [SD] age, 28.4 [11.7] years; 392 [53.6%] female). All test results in this cohort were negative. In contrast, 1076 participants underwent testing from late June to early July (mean [SD] age, 26.6 [10.5] years; 563 [52.3%] female), with 9 positive results by RT-qPCR. Eight of these positive samples were detected by the CRISPR-based assay and confirmed by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified diagnostic testing. The mean (SD) age of the positive cases was 21.7 (3.3) years; all 8 individuals self-identified as students. These metrics showed that a CRISPR-based assay was effective at capturing positive SARS-CoV-2 cases in this student population. Notably, the viral loads detected in these asymptomatic cases resemble those seen in clinical samples, highlighting the potential of covert viral transmission. The shift in viral prevalence coincided with the relaxation of stay-at-home measures.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings reveal a shift in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a young and asymptomatic population and uncover the leading edge of a local outbreak that coincided with rising case counts in the surrounding county and the state of California. The concordance between CRISPR-based and RT-qPCR testing suggests that CRISPR-based assays are reliable and offer alternative options for surveillance testing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, as is required to resume operations in higher-education institutions in the US and abroad.
| S-EPMC7879237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Corona viruses (CoV) are known to cause extreme pandemics in the globe. The year 2020 will be a pandemic with the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) across the globe. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been a part of our scary life for more than a quarter of a year in 2020. The Wuhan market and China have been the most commonly used terms in the world for at least a quarter of 2020. A zoonotic coronavirus has entered organisms to affect organisms for the third season in several centuries. CoV is a global pandemic prompted a drastic and rapid reconfiguration of society. CoV have extraordinary broad genomes of about 30 kilobases of RNA. There is no genetic relationship between the SARS-CoV, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. For health care strategies and for anticipating and preventing potential outbreaks, adequate description of the international spread of COVID-19 virus is imperative. The WHO has declared COVID-19 as endemic to pandemic in the first trimester of 2020. The biggest issues for diagnosis COVID-19 is not established apart from Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In order to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic, testing of active SARS-CoV-2 infections is a fundamental public health method. The vast use of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests around the world has led to increased availability of test kits, which is also a major bottleneck. The technique RT-PCR was generally agreed in the present scenario to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the human body. This review discusses about the importance of molecular technique for diagnosing the pandemic disease of 2019. In conclusion, RT-PCR was found to be an apt technique for identification of SARS-CoV-2.
| S-EPMC7658593 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As the COVID-19 infection continues to ravage the world, the advent of an efficient as well as the economization of the existing RT-PCR based detection assay essentially can become a blessing in these testing times and significantly help in the management of the pandemic. This study demonstrated an innovative and rapid corroboration of COVID-19 test based on innovative multiplex PCR. An assessment of optimal PCR conditions to simultaneously amplify the SARS-CoV-2 genes E, S and RdRp has been made by fast-conventional and HRM coupled multiplex real-time PCR using the same sets of primers. All variables of practical value were studied by amplifying known target-sequences from ten-fold dilutions of archived positive samples of COVID-19 disease. The multiplexing with newly designed E, S and RdRp primers have shown an efficient amplification of the target region of SARS-CoV-2. A distinct amplification was observed in 37 min using thermal cycler while it took 96 min in HRM coupled real time detection using SYBR green over a wide range of template concentrations. Our findings revealed decent concordance with other commercially available detection kits. This fast HRM coupled multiplex real-time PCR with SYBR green approach offers rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cost-effective manner apart from the added advantage of primer compatibility for use in conventional multiplex PCR. The highly reproducible novel approach can propel extended applicability for developing sustainable commercial product besides providing relief to a resource limited setting.
| S-EPMC8429455 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the testing strategies for COVID-19 (i.e., individual, simple pooling, and matrix pooling) in terms of cost.MethodsWe simulated the total expenditures of each testing strategy for running 10,000 tests. Three parameters were used: positive rate (PR), pool size, and test cost. We compared the total testing costs under two hypothetical scenarios in South Korea. We also simulated country-specific circumstances in India, South Africa, South Korea, the UK, and the USA.ResultsAt extreme PRs of 0.01% and 10%, simple pooling was the most economic option and resulted in cost reductions of 98.0% (pool size ≥80) and 36.7% (pool size = 3), respectively. At moderate PRs of 0.1%, 1%, 2%, and 5%, the matrix pooling strategy was the most economic option and resulted in cost reductions of 97.0% (pool size ≥88), 86.1% (pool size = 22), 77.9% (pool size = 14), and 59.2% (pool size = 7), respectively. In both hypothetical scenarios of South Korea, simple pooling costs less than matrix pooling. However, the preferable options for achieving cost savings differed depending on each country's cost per test and PRs.ConclusionsBoth pooling strategies resulted in notable cost reductions compared with individual testing in most scenarios pertinent to real-life situations. The appropriate type of testing strategy should be chosen by considering the PR of COVID-19 in the community and the test cost while using an appropriate pooling size such as five specimens.
| S-EPMC9102614 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the time in days between symptom onset and first positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result for COVID-19.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Scopus databases using the following descriptors: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "coronavirus", "RT-PCR", "real time PCR", and "diagnosis".ResultsThe included studies were conducted in 31 different countries and reported on a total of 6831 patients. The median age of the participants was 49.95 years. The three most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, which affected 4012 (58.68%), 3192 (46.69%), and 2009 patients (29.38%), respectively. Among the 90 included studies, 13 were prospective cohorts, 15 were retrospective cohorts, 36 were case reports, 20 were case series, and six were cross-sectional studies. The overall mean time between symptom onset and positive test result was 6.72 days. Fourteen articles were analyzed separately for the temporal profile of RT-PCR test results; the best performance was on days 22-24, when 98% of test results were positive.ConclusionThese findings corroborate the RT-PCR COVID-19 testing practices of some health units. In addition, the most frequently described symptoms of these patients can be considered the initial symptoms of infection and used in decision-making about RT-PCR testing.
| S-EPMC9233872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDespite the fact that smokers have deficit in detecting taste, particularly bitter taste, no study has investigated its biological correlate.MethodsIn this context, we compared the expression of the bitter taste receptor gene, taste 2 receptor (TAS2R) in the tongues of smokers and non-smokers. Tissue samples were collected from the lateral portion of the tongues of 22 smokers and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (19 males and three females) with no history of smoking. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TAS2R in the two groups, and the effect of aging on TAS2R expression was also assessed.ResultsTAS2R expression was significantly lower among smokers than non-smokers (t = 6.525, P < .0001, 11.36 ± 6.0 vs. 2.09 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, non-smokers vs. smokers). Further, a positive correlation between age and expression of TAS2R was observed in non-smokers (r = .642, P = .001), but not smokers (r = .124, P = .584). This correlation difference was significant (Z = 1.96, P = .0496).ConclusionsSmokers showed a significantly lower expression of the bitter taste receptor gene than non-smokers, which is potentially caused by their inability to acquire such receptors with age because of cigarette smoking, in contrast to non-smokers.
| S-EPMC4142065 | biostudies-literature