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Evaluating the Change Process of a Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy Workshop for Psychological Distress Among Primary Care Self-Referrals in Selangor, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT: Despite the high prevalence of psychological distress in primary care, only a limited number of individuals can benefit from early and evidenced-based psychological approach. Barriers to help-seeking attributable to stigma, lack of proper care pathway to evidence-based psychological interventions, and a high volume of primary care attendees are among the factors that contribute to the inadequate psychological treatments. This study examined the implementation of a change process using a brief cognitive behavioral therapy (b-CBT) workshop as a potential approach in managing psychological distress among 73 primary care self-referrals using purposive sampling. One-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze changes in psychological distress within a non-randomized quasi-experimental study. Results revealed significant differences in psychological distress using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items at three time points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up). Implementation of the b-CBT workshop showed positive changes for psychological distress, suggesting the possibility of integrating brief, non-stigmatized, and evidence-based psychological approach at the primary care level. However, the self-referral characteristics of the attendees remain unknown. Factors such as potential feasibility, participant's usability and satisfaction, and implementation of b-CBT workshop to improve psychological distress are discussed in this study.

SUBMITTER: Sam JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9231521 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluating the Change Process of a Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy Workshop for Psychological Distress Among Primary Care Self-Referrals in Selangor, Malaysia.

Sam Jeng Mun JM Ismail Siti Irma Fadhilah SIF Tan Kit-Aun KA Sidik Sherina Mohd SM Osman Zubaidah Jamil ZJ

Frontiers in psychiatry 20220609

Despite the high prevalence of psychological distress in primary care, only a limited number of individuals can benefit from early and evidenced-based psychological approach. Barriers to help-seeking attributable to stigma, lack of proper care pathway to evidence-based psychological interventions, and a high volume of primary care attendees are among the factors that contribute to the inadequate psychological treatments. This study examined the implementation of a change process using a brief co ...[more]

PMID: 35757226

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Project description:BackgroundMalaria is a vector-borne parasitic disease which is prevalent in many developing countries. Recently, it has been found that Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite can be life-threatening to humans. Long-tailed macaques, which are widely distributed in Malaysia, are the natural hosts for simian malaria, including P. knowlesi. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of simian malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques in the district of Hulu Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia.MethodsA total of 70 blood samples were collected from Macaca fascicularis dwelling in the forest of Hulu Selangor by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. DNA was extracted using PureLink™ Genomic DNA Kits. Conventional and nested PCR were used to detect the genus and species of Plasmodium parasites respectively. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was carried out to confirm the species of Plasmodium parasites.ResultsThirty-five (50 %) of the 70 samples were positive for Plasmodium using genus-specific primers. These positive samples were then subjected to nested PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA genes to detect all five simian malaria parasites: namely, P. knowlesi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium fieldi, and Plasmodium coatneyi. All five species of simian malaria parasites were detected. Of these, P. inui was the predominant (65.7 %), followed by P. knowlesi (60 %), P. cynomolgi (51.4 %) P. coatneyi (45.7 %) and P. fieldi (2.9 %). A total of nine macaques had mono-infection with P. knowlesi (four), P. cynomolgi (two), P. coatneyi (two) and P. fieldi (one). Eleven of the macaques had dual infections while 12 had triple infections. Three macaques were infected with four species of Plasmodium. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the five species of Plasmodium parasites.ConclusionThis study has provided evidence to elucidate the presence of transmission of malaria parasites among the local macaques in Hulu Selangor. Since malaria is a zoonosis, it is important to determine the new control strategies for the control of malaria.

Project description:BackgroundWhile transmission of the human Plasmodium species has declined, a significant increase in Plasmodium knowlesi/Plasmodium malariae cases was reported in Hulu Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia. Thus, a study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology and the vectors involved in the transmission of knowlesi malaria.MethodsCases of knowlesi/malariae malaria in the Hulu Selangor district were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed from 2009 to 2013. Mosquitoes were collected from areas where cases occurred in order to determine the vectors. Leucosphyrus group of mosquitoes were genetically characterized targeting the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1). In addition, temporal and spatial analyses were carried out for human cases and vectors.ResultsOf the 100 microscopy diagnosed P. knowlesi/P. malariae cases over the 5 year period in the Hulu Selangor district, there was predominance of P. knowlesi/P. malariae cases among the young adults (ages 20-39 years; 67 cases; 67%). The majority of the infected people were involved in occupations related to agriculture and forestry (51; 51%). No death was recorded in all these cases.Five hundred and thirty five mosquitoes belonging to 14 species were obtained during the study. Anopheles maculatus was the predominant species (49.5%) followed by Anopheles letifer (13.1%) and Anopheles introlatus (11.6%). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species of the Leucosphyrus group to be An. introlatus. In the present study, only An. introlatus was positive for oocysts. Kernel Density analysis showed that P. knowlesi hotspot areas overlapped with areas where the infected An. introlatus was discovered. This further strengthens the hypothesis that An. introlatusis is the vector for P. knowlesi in the Hulu Selangor district.Unless more information is obtained on the vectors as well as macaque involved in the transmission, it will be difficult to plan effective control strategies. The utilization of modern analytical tools such as GIS (Geographic Information System) is crucial in estimating hotspot areas for targeted control strategies.ConclusionsAnopheles introlatus has been incriminated as vector of P. knowlesi in Hulu Selangor. The cases of P. knowlesi are on the increase and further research using molecular techniques is needed.

Project description:IntroductionThe issue of decriminalization of medical marijuana has gained public attention globally due to the decisions of various governments in developed and developing countries who have decriminalized marijuana for medical purposes. The action was the result of the change in perception towards medical marijuana use, which is now believed to be safe, acceptable, and should be decriminalized. Due to the progress of modernization and the wide access to information, the change in perception towards medical marijuana seems to be inevitable and might have already permeated among the public in Malaysia. However, at the moment there is no baseline data to determine any of this claim.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with acceptance towards decriminalization of medical marijuana among adults in Selangor, Malaysia.MethodologyThe study was a cross-sectional study conducted in year 2021 among 462 adults aged 18 years old and above in Selangor, Malaysia. The respondents were sampled using a multistage random sampling. The data was collected via self-administered questionnaires and has been analyzed using SPSS version 25.ResultMore than half of the respondents in this study (64.7%) show acceptance towards the decriminalization of medical marijuana in Malaysia. The results of statistical tests indicate that there are significant associations between age (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.005), ethnicity (p < 0.012), level of education (p < 0.011), employment status (p = 0.001), ever smoked (p < 0.001), given up smoking (p = 0.002), ever used substance (p < 0.001), current substance use (p < 0.001), given up substance (p < 0.001), exposure to medical marijuana-related content (p < 0.001), perceived risk associated with medical marijuana use (p < 0.001), perceived risk of harm of medical marijuana use (p < 0.001), and perceived approval of medical marijuana use (p < 0.001) with acceptance towards decriminalization of medical marijuana. The predictors for acceptance towards decriminalization of medical marijuana are perceived high approval of medical marijuana use (aOR = 7.023, p < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.534,13.955), perceived low risk of medical marijuana (aOR = 5.716, p < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.828,11.554), perceived low risk of harm from medical marijuana use (aOR = 3.480, p = 0.001, 95%CI = 1.702,7.114), current substance use (aOR = 2.264, p = 0.050, 95%CI = 1.001,5.118), and ever used substance (aOR = 2.005, p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.054,0.576).ConclusionThe results of the survey show that the current acceptance level towards decriminalization of medical marijuana is considerably high. However, the acceptance is mainly among those who are exposed to the substance and those who perceive low risk of medical marijuana. Thus, a further exploration of this phenomenon is needed, especially by increasing the sample size and expanding the study location to other states.

Dataset Information

Evaluating the Change Process of a Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy Workshop for Psychological Distress Among Primary Care Self-Referrals in Selangor, Malaysia.

Publications

Evaluating the Change Process of a Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy Workshop for Psychological Distress Among Primary Care Self-Referrals in Selangor, Malaysia.

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