A lightweight YOLOv3 algorithm used for safety helmet detection.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Deng L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9243020 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Object detection based on deep learning has made great progress in the past decade and has been widely used in various fields of daily life. Model lightweighting is the core of deploying target detection models on mobile or edge devices. Lightweight models have fewer parameters and lower computational costs, but are often accompanied by lower detection accuracy. Based on YOLOv5s, this article proposes an improved lightweight target detection model, which can achieve higher detection accuracy with smaller parameters. Firstly, utilizing the lightweight feature of the Ghost module, we integrated it into the C3 structure and replaced some of the C3 modules after the upsample layer on the neck network, thereby reducing the number of model parameters and expediting the model's inference process. Secondly, the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism was added to the neck to enhance the model's ability to pay attention to relevant information and improved detection accuracy. Finally, a more efficient Simplified Spatial Pyramid Pooling-Fast (SimSPPF) module was designed to enhance the stability of the model and shorten the training time of the model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the improved model, experiments were conducted using three datasets with different features. Experimental results show that the number of parameters of our model is significantly reduced by 28% compared with the original model, and mean average precision (mAP) is increased by 3.1%, 1.1% and 1.8% respectively. The model also performs better in terms of accuracy compared to existing lightweight state-of-the-art models. On three datasets with different features, mAP of the proposed model achieved 87.2%, 77.8% and 92.3%, which is better than YOLOv7tiny (81.4%, 77.7%, 90.3%), YOLOv8n (84.7%, 77.7%, 90.6%) and other advanced models. When achieving the decreased number of parameters, the improved model can successfully increase mAP, providing great reference for deploying the model on mobile or edge devices.
| S-EPMC10909222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The detection of objects concealed under people's clothing is a very challenging task, which has crucial applications for security. When testing the human body for metal contraband, the concealed targets are usually small in size and are required to be detected within a few seconds. Focusing on weapon detection, this paper proposes using a real-time detection method for detecting concealed metallic weapons on the human body applied to passive millimeter wave (PMMW) imagery based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm, YOLOv3, and a small sample dataset. The experimental results from YOLOv3-13, YOLOv3-53, and Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) algorithm, SSD-VGG16, are compared ultimately, using the same PMMW dataset. For the perspective of detection accuracy, detection speed, and computation resource, it shows that the YOLOv3-53 model had a detection speed of 36 frames per second (FPS) and a mean average precision (mAP) of 95% on a GPU-1080Ti computer, more effective and feasible for the real-time detection of weapon contraband on human body for PMMW images, even with small sample data.
| S-EPMC7147325 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wearing a safety helmet is important in construction and manufacturing industrial activities to avoid unpleasant situations. This safety compliance can be ensured by developing an automatic helmet detection system using various computer vision and deep learning approaches. Developing a deep-learning-based helmet detection model usually requires an enormous amount of training data. However, there are very few public safety helmet datasets available in the literature, in which most of them are not entirely labeled, and the labeled one contains fewer classes. This paper presents the Safety HELmet dataset with 5K images (SHEL5K) dataset, an enhanced version of the SHD dataset. The proposed dataset consists of six completely labeled classes (helmet, head, head with helmet, person with helmet, person without helmet, and face). The proposed dataset was tested on multiple state-of-the-art object detection models, i.e., YOLOv3 (YOLOv3, YOLOv3-tiny, and YOLOv3-SPP), YOLOv4 (YOLOv4 and YOLOv4pacsp-x-mish), YOLOv5-P5 (YOLOv5s, YOLOv5m, and YOLOv5x), the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster-RCNN) with the Inception V2 architecture, and YOLOR. The experimental results from the various models on the proposed dataset were compared and showed improvement in the mean Average Precision (mAP). The SHEL5K dataset had an advantage over other safety helmet datasets as it contains fewer images with better labels and more classes, making helmet detection more accurate.
| S-EPMC8950768 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Currently robotic motion control algorithms are tedious at best to implement, are lacking in automatic situational adaptability, and tend to be static in nature. Humanoid (human-like) control is little more than a dream, for all, but the fastest computers. The main idea of the work presented in this paper is to define a radically new, simple, and computationally lightweight approach to humanoid motion control. A new Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller algorithm called PID++ is proposed in this work that uses minor adjustments with basic arithmetic, based on the real-time encoder position input, to achieve a stable, precise, controlled, dynamic, adaptive control system, for linear motion control, in any direction regardless of load. With no PID coefficients initially specified, the proposed PID++ algorithm dynamically adjusts and updates the PID coefficients Kp, Ki and Kd periodically. No database of values is required to be stored as only the current and previous values of the sensed position with an accurate time base are used in the computations and overwritten in each read interval, eliminating the need of deploying much memory for storing and using vectors or matrices. Complete in its implementation, and truly dynamic and adaptive by design, engineers will be able to use this algorithm in commercial, industrial, biomedical, and space applications alike. With characteristics that are unmistakably human, motion control can be feasibly implemented on even the smallest microcontrollers (MCU) using a single command and without the need of reprogramming or reconfiguration.
| S-EPMC7826970 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The real-time detection of pine cones in Korean pine forests is not only the data basis for the mechanized picking of pine cones, but also one of the important methods for evaluating the yield of Korean pine forests. In recent years, there has been a certain number of detection accuracy for image processing of fruits in trees using deep-learning methods, but the overall performance of these methods has not been satisfactory, and they have never been used in the detection of pine cones. In this paper, a pine cone detection method based on Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Networks (BEGAN) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) v3 mode is proposed to solve the problems of insufficient data set, inaccurate detection result and slow detection speed. First, we use traditional image augmentation technology and generative adversarial network BEGAN to implement data augmentation. Second, we introduced a densely connected network (DenseNet) structure in the backbone network of YOLOv3. Third, we expanded the detection scale of YOLOv3, and optimized the loss function of YOLOv3 using the Distance-IoU (DIoU) algorithm. Finally, we conducted a comparative experiment. The experimental results show that the performance of the model can be effectively improved by using BEGAN for data augmentation. Under same conditions, the improved YOLOv3 model is better than the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), the faster-regions with convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) and the original YOLOv3 model. The detection accuracy reaches 95.3%, and the detection efficiency is 37.8% higher than that of the original YOLOv3.
| S-EPMC7472199 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In-flight system failure is one of the major safety concerns in the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in urban environments. To address this concern, a safety framework consisting of following three main tasks can be utilized: (1) Monitoring health of the UAV and detecting failures, (2) Finding potential safe landing spots in case a critical failure is detected in step 1, and (3) Steering the UAV to a safe landing spot found in step 2. In this paper, we specifically look at the second task, where we investigate the feasibility of utilizing object detection methods to spot safe landing spots in case the UAV suffers an in-flight failure. Particularly, we investigate different versions of the YOLO objection detection method and compare their performances for the specific application of detecting a safe landing location for a UAV that has suffered an in-flight failure. We compare the performance of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5l while training them by a large aerial image dataset called DOTA in a Personal Computer (PC) and also a Companion Computer (CC). We plan to use the chosen algorithm on a CC that can be attached to a UAV, and the PC is used to verify the trends that we see between the algorithms on the CC. We confirm the feasibility of utilizing these algorithms for effective emergency landing spot detection and report their accuracy and speed for that specific application. Our investigation also shows that the YOLOv5l algorithm outperforms YOLOv4 and YOLOv3 in terms of accuracy of detection while maintaining a slightly slower inference speed.
| S-EPMC8778480 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In healthcare, interoperability is widely adopted in the case of cross-departmental or specialization cases. As the human body demands multiple specialized and cross-disciplined medical experiments, interoperability of business entities like different departments, different specializations, the involvement of legal and government monitoring issues etc. are not sufficient to reduce the active medical cases. A patient-centric system with high capability to collect, retrieve, store or exchange data is the demand for present and future times. Such data-centric health processes would bring automated patient medication, or patient self-driven trusted and high satisfaction capabilities. However, data-centric processes are having a huge set of challenges such as security, technology, governance, adoption, deployment, integration etc. This work has explored the feasibility to integrate resource-constrained devices-based wearable kidney systems in the Industry 4.0 network and facilitates data collection, liquidity, storage, retrieval and exchange systems. Thereafter, a Healthcare 4.0 processes-based wearable kidney system is proposed that is having the blockchain technology advantages. Further, game theory-based consensus algorithms are proposed for resource-constrained devices in the kidney system. The overall system design would bring an example for the transition from the specialization or departmental-centric approach to data and patient-centric approach that would bring more transparency, trust and healthy practices in the healthcare sector. Results show a variation of 0.10 million GH/s to 0.18 million GH/s hash rate for the proposed approach. The chances of a majority attack in the proposed scheme are statistically proved to be minimum. Further Average Packet Delivery Rate (ADPR) lies between 95% to 97%, approximately, without the presence of outliers. In the presence of outliers, network performance decreases below 80% APDR (to a minimum of 41.3%) and this indicates that there are outliers present in the network. Simulation results show that the Average Throughput (AT) value lies between 120 Kbps to 250 Kbps.
| S-EPMC7287825 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundManual microscopic examination of Leishman/Giemsa stained thin and thick blood smear is still the "gold standard" for malaria diagnosis. One of the drawbacks of this method is that its accuracy, consistency, and diagnosis speed depend on microscopists' diagnostic and technical skills. It is difficult to get highly skilled microscopists in remote areas of developing countries. To alleviate this problem, in this paper, we propose to investigate state-of-the-art one-stage and two-stage object detection algorithms for automated malaria parasite screening from microscopic image of thick blood slides.ResultsYOLOV3 and YOLOV4 models, which are state-of-the-art object detectors in accuracy and speed, are not optimized for detecting small objects such as malaria parasites in microscopic images. We modify these models by increasing feature scale and adding more detection layers to enhance their capability of detecting small objects without notably decreasing detection speed. We propose one modified YOLOV4 model, called YOLOV4-MOD and two modified models of YOLOV3, which are called YOLOV3-MOD1 and YOLOV3-MOD2. Besides, new anchor box sizes are generated using K-means clustering algorithm to exploit the potential of these models in small object detection. The performance of the modified YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 models were evaluated on a publicly available malaria dataset. These models have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy by exceeding performance of their original versions, Faster R-CNN, and SSD in terms of mean average precision (mAP), recall, precision, F1 score, and average IOU. YOLOV4-MOD has achieved the best detection accuracy among all the other models with a mAP of 96.32%. YOLOV3-MOD2 and YOLOV3-MOD1 have achieved mAP of 96.14% and 95.46%, respectively.ConclusionsThe experimental results of this study demonstrate that performance of modified YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 models are highly promising for detecting malaria parasites from images captured by a smartphone camera over the microscope eyepiece. The proposed system is suitable for deployment in low-resource setting areas.
| S-EPMC7938584 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An admixture of lightweight aggregate substrates (beidellitic clay containing 10 wt % of natural clinoptilolite or Na-P1 zeolite) with used motor oil (1 wt %-8 wt %) caused marked changes in the aggregates' microstructure, measured by a combination of mercury porosimetry (MIP), microtomography (MT), and scanning electron microscopy. Maximum porosity was produced at low (1%-2%) oil concentrations and it dropped at higher concentrations, opposite to the aggregates' bulk density. Average pore radii, measured by MIP, decreased with an increasing oil concentration, whereas larger (MT) pore sizes tended to increase. Fractal dimension, derived from MIP data, changed similarly to the MIP pore radius, while that derived from MT remained unaltered. Solid phase density, measured by helium pycnometry, initially dropped slightly and then increased with the amount of oil added, which was most probably connected to changes in the formation of extremely small closed pores that were not available for He atoms.
| S-EPMC5456622 | biostudies-other
Project description:Recently, object detection methods have developed rapidly and have been widely used in many areas. In many scenarios, helmet wearing detection is very useful, because people are required to wear helmets to protect their safety when they work in construction sites or cycle in the streets. However, for the problem of helmet wearing detection in complex scenes such as construction sites and workshops, the detection accuracy of current approaches still needs to be improved. In this work, we analyze the mechanism and performance of several detection algorithms and identify two feasible base algorithms that have complementary advantages. We use one base algorithm to detect relatively large heads and helmets. Also, we use the other base algorithm to detect relatively small heads, and we add another convolutional neural network to detect whether there is a helmet above each head. Then, we integrate these two base algorithms with an ensemble method. In this method, we first propose an approach to merge information of heads and helmets from the base algorithms, and then propose a linear function to estimate the confidence score of the identified heads and helmets. Experiments on a benchmark data set show that, our approach increases the precision and recall for base algorithms, and the mean Average Precision of our approach is 0.93, which is better than many other approaches. With GPU acceleration, our approach can achieve real-time processing on contemporary computers, which is useful in practice.
| S-EPMC7924479 | biostudies-literature