Dataset Information

Determination of Cocoa Flavanols and Procyanidins (by Degree of Polymerization DP1-7) in Cocoa-Based Products by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled With Fluorescence Detection: Collaborative Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cocoa flavanols and procyanidins (CF) are flavonoids whose consumption is associated with health benefits, resulting in increasing attention from consumers, industry, researchers, and regulators. Methods that can provide appropriate characterization and quantification of the distinct mixture found in cocoa-based products thus offer important scientific and commercial value.

Objective

This study validated the precision of AOAC Official Method of AnalysisSM2020.05, which measures CF with a degree of polymerization DP1-7.

Method

Method precision (repeatability and reproducibility) was evaluated for seven cocoa matrixes in blind duplicates with total CF content from 1.0 to 500 mg/g. Ten of the 12 laboratories from multiple sectors invited to implement the method returned data for statistical analysis. Precision was evaluated per AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for collaborative studies using RSDr and RSDR as indicators of method repeatability and reproducibility.

Results

RSDr ranged from 1.6 to 4.8%, and RSDR ranged from 5.8 to 22.4%, demonstrating excellent within-laboratory repeatability and good method precision across different laboratories. RSDR values were below 10% with the exception of chocolate, potentially due to very low CF content and sampling inhomogeneity.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that acceptable method repeatability and reproducibility is achieved when measuring cocoa flavanols and procyanidins using AOAC Method 2020.05 and support the advancement of the AOAC Official Method of Analysis status to Final Action for evaluated matrixes.

Highlights

This collaborative study evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of AOAC Official Method of Analysis 2020.05.

SUBMITTER: Bussy U

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9247699 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Hemodialysis (HD) per se entails vascular dysfunction in patients with ESRD. Endothelial dysfunction is a key step in atherosclerosis and is characterized by impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Interventional studies have shown that cocoa flavanol (CF)-rich supplements improve vascular function. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flavanol-rich bioactive food ingredients on acute and chronic HD-induced vascular dysfunction in ESRD.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from 2012 to 2013. Fifty-seven participants were enrolled, ingested CF-rich beverages (900 mg CF per study day), and were compared with those ingesting CF-free placebo. This included (1) a baseline cross-over acute study to determine safety and efficacy of CF and (2) a subsequent chronic parallel group study with a 30-day follow-up period to study effects of CF on HD-mediated vascular dysfunction entailing (3) an acute substudy during HD in flavanol-naive patients and (4) an acute on chronic study during HD. Primary and secondary outcome measures included changes in FMD and hemodynamics.CF ingestion was well tolerated. Acute ingestion improved FMD by 53% (3.2±0.6% to 4.8±0.9% versus placebo, 3.2±0.7% to 3.3±0.8%; P<0.001), with no effects on BP or heart rate. A 30-day ingestion of CF led to an increase in baseline FMD by 18% (3.4±0.9% to 3.9±0.8% versus placebo, 3.5±0.7% to 3.5±0.7%; P<0.001), with reduced diastolic BP (73±12 to 69±11 mmHg versus placebo, 70±11 to 73±13 mmHg; P=0.03) and increased heart rate (70±12 to 74±13 bpm versus placebo, 75±15 to 74±13 bpm; P=0.01). No effects were observed for placebo. Acute ingestion of CF during HD alleviated HD-induced vascular dysfunction (3.4±0.9% to 2.7±0.6% versus placebo, 3.5±0.7% to 2.0±0.6%; P<0.001). This effect was sustained throughout the study (acute on chronic, 3.9±0.9% to 3.0±0.7% versus placebo, 3.5±0.7% to 2.2±0.6; P=0.01).Dietary CF ingestion mitigates acute HD-induced and chronic endothelial dysfunction in patients with ESRD and thus, improves vascular function in this high-risk population. Larger clinical trials are warranted to test whether this translates into an improved cardiovascular prognosis in patients with ESRD.

Project description:IntroductionCocoa flavanols (CF) may exert health benefits through their potent vasodilatory effects, which are perpetuated by elevations in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. These vasodilatory effects may contribute to improved delivery of blood and oxygen (O2) to exercising muscle.PurposeTherefore, the objective of this study was to examine how CF supplementation impacts pulmonary O2 uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics and exercise tolerance in sedentary middle-aged adults.MethodsWe employed a double-blind cross-over, placebo-controlled design whereby 17 participants (11 male, 6 female; mean ± SD, 45 ± 6 years) randomly received either 7 days of daily CF (400 mg) or placebo (PL) supplementation. On day 7, participants completed a series of 'step' moderate- and severe-intensity exercise tests for the determination of [Formula: see text] kinetics.ResultsDuring moderate-intensity exercise, the time constant of the phase II [Formula: see text] kinetics ([Formula: see text]) was decreased by 15% in CF as compared to PL (mean ± SD; PL 40 ± 12 s vs. CF 34 ± 9 s, P = 0.019), with no differences in the amplitude of [Formula: see text] (A[Formula: see text]; PL 0.77 ± 0.32 l min-1 vs. CF 0.79 ± 0.34 l min-1, P = 0.263). However, during severe-intensity exercise, [Formula: see text], the amplitude of the slow component ([Formula: see text]) and exercise tolerance (PL 435 ± 58 s vs. CF 424 ± 47 s, P = 0.480) were unchanged between conditions.ConclusionOur data show that acute CF supplementation enhanced [Formula: see text] kinetics during moderate-, but not severe-intensity exercise in middle-aged participants. These novel effects of CFs, in this demographic, may contribute to improved tolerance of moderate-activity physical activities, which appear commonly present in daily life.Trial registrationRegistered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04370353, 30/04/20 retrospectively registered.