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Calcium-tin alloys as anodes for rechargeable non-aqueous calcium-ion batteries at room temperature.

ABSTRACT: Rechargeable calcium batteries possess attractive features for sustainable energy-storage solutions owing to their high theoretical energy densities, safety aspects and abundant natural resources. However, divalent Ca-ions and reactive Ca metal strongly interact with cathode materials and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions, leading to high charge-transfer barriers at the electrode-electrolyte interface and consequently low electrochemical performance. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and elucidate the electrochemical properties of calcium-tin (Ca-Sn) alloy anodes for Ca-ion chemistries. Crystallographic and microstructural characterizations reveal that Sn formed from electrochemically dealloying the Ca-Sn alloy possesses unique properties, and that this in-situ formed Sn undergoes subsequent reversible calciation/decalciation as CaSn₃. As demonstration of the suitability of Ca-Sn alloys as anodes for Ca-ion batteries, we assemble coin cells with an organic cathode (1,4-polyanthraquinone) in an electrolyte of 0.25 M calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate in dimethoxyethane. These electrochemical cells are charged/discharged for 5000 cycles at 260 mA g^-1, retaining a capacity of 78 mAh g^-1 with respect to the organic cathode. The discovery of new class of Ca-Sn alloy anodes opens a promising avenue towards viable high-performance Ca-ion batteries.

SUBMITTER: Zhao-Karger Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9253317 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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