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Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Action of Cell-Free Culture Extracts and Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Endophytic Fungi Curvularia Eragrostidis.

ABSTRACT: Endophytes are the mutualistic microorganisms that reside within the host plant and promote plant growth in adverse conditions. Plants and their endophytes are engaged in a symbiotic relationship that enables endophytes to access bioactive genes of the ethnomedicinal plants, and, as a result, endophytes are constantly addressed in the sector of pharmaceuticals and agriculture for their multidomain bio-utility. The gradual increase of antimicrobial resistance can be effectively countered by the endophytic metabolites. In these circumstances, in the present investigation, endophytic Curvularia eragrostidis HelS1 was isolated from an ethnomedicinally valuable plant Helecteris isora from East India's forests. The secondary volatile and non-volatile metabolites are extracted from HelS1 and are found to be effective broad-spectrum antimicrobials. A total of 26 secondary metabolites (9 volatiles and 17 non-volatiles) are extracted from the isolate, which exhibits effective antibacterial [against six Gram-positive and seven Gram-negative pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value ranging from 12.5 to 400 μg ml^-1] and antifungal (against seven fungal plant pathogens) activity. The secondary metabolite production was optimised by one variable at a time technique coupled with the response surface methodology. The results revealed that there was a 34% increase in antibacterial activity in parameters with 6.87 g L^-1 of fructose (as a carbon source), 3.79 g L^-1 of peptone (as a nitrogen source), pH 6.75, and an inoculation period of 191.5 h for fermentation. The volatile metabolite production was also found to be optimum when the medium was supplemented with yeast extract and urea (0.2 g L^-1) along with dextrose (40 g L^-1). Amongst extracted volatile metabolites, 1-H-indene 1 methanol acetate, tetroquinone, N, N-diphenyl-2-nitro-thio benzamide, Trans 1, 2-diethyl-trans-2-decalinol, naphthalene, and azulene are found to be the most effective. Our investigation opens up opportunities in the sector of sustainable agriculture as well as the discovery of novel antimicrobials against dreadful phyto and human pathogens.

SUBMITTER: Santra HK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9260591 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundVerticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, leads to significant losses in cotton yield worldwide. Biocontrol management is a promising means of suppressing verticillium wilt. The purpose of the study was to obtain and analyze endophytic bacteria with Verticillium wilt-resistant activities from the roots of Gossypium barbadense 'Xinhai15' and to explore the interactions between the soil and plants.ResultsAn endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. T6 was obtained from the Verticillium wilt-resistant cotton G. barbadense 'Xinhai15', which showed significant antagonistic abilities against cotton Verticillium wilt. The bioassay results indicated that the strain possessed strong antagonistic abilities that inhibited V. dahliae spore germination and mycelial growth without contact, and thus it was speculated that the active factor of the bacteria might be volatile compounds. A total of 46 volatile substances were detected via headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The pure product verification experiment confirmed that the styrene produced by the T6 strain was the main virulence factor. Transcriptome analysis showed that following styrene induction, 247 genes in V. dahliae, including four hydrolase genes, eight dehydrogenase genes, 11 reductase genes, 17 genes related to transport and transfer were upregulated. Additionally, 72 genes, including two chitinase genes, two protease genes, five transport-related genes, and 33 hypothetical protein genes, were downregulated. The quantitative real-time PCR results confirmed that the expression of the four genes VDAG_02838, VDAG_09554, VDAG_045572, and VDAG_08251 was increased by 3.18, 78.83, 2.71, and 2.92 times, respectively, compared with the uninduced control group.ConclusionsThe research provides a new reference for the development and application of the volatile compounds of endophytic bacteria as new biocontrol agents for the control of Verticillium wilt and as biological preservatives for agricultural products.

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Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Action of Cell-Free Culture Extracts and Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Endophytic Fungi Curvularia Eragrostidis.

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