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COVID-19 serum can be cross-reactive and neutralizing against Dengue virus (DV) as observed by DV neutralization test

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Observing the serological cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus (DV), we aimed to elucidate its effect in dengue serodiagnosis and infectivity in a highly dengue endemic city of India.

Methods

Fifty-two COVID-19 (RT-PCR positive) serum samples were tested in rapid lateral flow immunoassays and DV IgG ELISA to detect DV or SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM. The COVID-19 antibody (Ab) positive samples were subjected to virus neutralization test (VNT) (Huh7 cells) using DV type 1 clinical isolate.

Results

Majority (93%) of SARS-CoV-2 Ab-positive serum samples cross-reacted with DV in rapid or ELISA tests. All were DV RNA and NS1 antigen negative. COVID-19 serum samples that were DV cross-reactive neutralized DV1. Of these, 57% had no evidence of DV pre-exposure (DV NS1 Ab-negative). Computational study also supported potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 Ab and DV1.

Conclusions

DV serodiagnosis will be inconclusive in areas co-endemic for both the viruses. COVID-19 pandemic appears to impart a protective response against DV in DV-endemic populations.

SUBMITTER: Nath H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9262656 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:A vaccine against all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes includes the formulation of one genotype of each serotype. Although genetic similarities among genotypes within a serotype are higher as compared to those among serotypes, differences in the immunogenicity of the included genotypes would be a critical issue in maximizing successful dengue vaccine development. Thus, we determined the neutralizing antibody responses against three genotypes of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), namely Cosmopolitan, Asian I, and Asian/American, after primary and secondary inoculation with DENV-2 in a dengue animal model, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). METHODS:A total of fifty-four plasma samples were obtained from thirty-four marmosets that were inoculated with clinically-isolated DENV strains or DENV candidate vaccines, were used in this study. Plasma samples were obtained from marmosets after primary inoculation with DENV-2 infection, secondary inoculation with homologous or heterologous genotypes, and tertiary inoculation with heterologous DENV. Neutralizing antibody titers against DENV-2 (Cosmopolitan, Asian I, and Asian/American genotypes) and DENV-1 were determined using a conventional plaque reduction neutralization assay. RESULTS:In marmosets that were inoculated with the Cosmopolitan genotype in primary infection, neutralizing antibody neutralized 3 genotypes, and the titers to Asian I genotype were significantly higher than those to homologous Cosmopolitan genotype. After secondary DENV-2 infection with heterologous genotype (Asian I in primary and Asian/American in secondary), neutralizing antibody titers to Asian/American genotype was significantly higher than those against Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes. Following tertiary infection with DENV-1 following DENV-2 Asian I and Cosmopolitan genotypes, neutralizing antibody titers to Asian/American were also significantly higher than those against Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes. CONCLUSION:The present study demonstrated that different levels of neutralizing antibodies were induced against variable DENV-2 genotypes after primary, secondary and tertiary infections, and that neutralizing antibody titers to some heterologous genotypes were higher than those to homologous genotypes within a serotype. The results indicate that heterogeneity and homogeneity of infecting genotypes influence the levels and cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies induced in following infections. The results also suggest that certain genotypes may possess advantage in terms of breakthrough infections against vaccination.