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Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Disease Risk: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: Evidence suggests that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential may play a substantial role in the origin of gastric inflammation. This study aimed to examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII^TM) and gastric diseases at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years in a Korean population. A total of 144,196 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included. E-DII scores were computed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between the E-DII and gastric disease risk. In the prospective analysis, the risk of developing gastric disease was significantly increased among individuals in the highest quartile of E-DII compared to those in the lowest quartile (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08-1.38). Prospective analysis also showed an increased risk in the incidence of gastritis (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.37), gastric ulcers (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.16-1.85), and gastric and duodenal ulcers (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.17-1.81) in the highest E-DII quartile compared to the lowest quartile. In the cross-sectional analysis, the E-DII score was not associated with the risk of gastric disease. Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, indicated by high E-DII scores, is prospectively associated with an increased risk of gastric diseases. These results highlight the significance of an anti-inflammatory diet in lowering the risk of gastric disease risk in the general population.

SUBMITTER: Sreeja SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9268659 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Brazil.

Project description:BackgroundFew studies have evaluated the association between diet-related inflammation and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and evidence is scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the association between a pro-inflammatory diet and GA.MethodsA multicenter case-control study was conducted in Brazil. A total of 1645 participants-492 cases, 377 endoscopy controls, and 776 hospital controls-were included. Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used binary and multinomial logistic regression models for the analysis of total GA, and its subtypes (cardia and non-cardia, intestinal, and diffuse histological subtypes).ResultsIn cases versus endoscopy controls, a pro-inflammatory diet, estimated by higher E-DII scores, was associated with a higher risk GA (ORQ4vsQ1: 2.60, 1.16-5.70), of non-cardia GA (OR: 2.90, 1.06-7.82), and diffuse subtype (OR: 3.93, 1.59-9.70). In cases versus hospital controls, higher E-DII scores were associated with a higher risk of GA (OR: 2.70, 1.60-4.54), of cardia GA (OR: 3.31, 1.32-8.24), non-cardia GA (OR: 2.97, 1.64-5.39), and both intestinal (OR: 2.82, 1.38-5.74) and diffuse GA (OR: 2.50, 1.54-5.11) subtypes.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of GA in Brazil. E-DII requires the inclusion of sodium due to its importance in carcinogenesis.

| S-EPMC10343640 | biostudies-literature

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity.

Project description:Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12-0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23-1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72-3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76-6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81-4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.

| S-EPMC8147427 | biostudies-literature

Differences of nutritional intake habits and Dietary Inflammatory Index score between occupational classifications in the Korean working population.

Project description:BackgroundHuman nutrient intake is closely related to the conditions of their workplace.MethodsThis study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2020. The study population comprised individuals aged 19 to 65 years who were engaged in paid work, excluding soldiers (total = 12,201, male = 5,872, female = 6,329). The primary outcome of interest was the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score, which was calculated using dietary intake data. Generalized linear models were used for statistical analyses.ResultsPink-collar workers had higher DII scores, indicating a potentially higher inflammatory diet than white-collar workers (mean: 2.18 vs. 1.89, p < 0.001). Green and blue-collar workers displayed lower levels of dietary inflammation (green: 1.64 vs. 1.89, p = 0.019, blue: 1.79 vs. 1.89, p = 0.022). After adjusting for sex, age, income, education, and energy intake, the sole trend that persisted was the comparison between white-collar and pink-collar workers.ConclusionsDII scores and dietary patterns differed among occupational groups and genders.

| S-EPMC11016782 | biostudies-literature

Association between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in the HELENA study.

Project description:Previous research has shown that diet is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation among adults. However, no study has yet been conducted to explore the association between inflammatory potential of diet and low-grade systemic inflammation among adolescents whose dietary behavior may be different from adults. We examine the predictive ability of 24-h recall-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores on inflammation among 532 European adolescents in the HELENA cross-sectional study. The DII is a literature-derived dietary index developed to predict inflammation. The DII was calculated per 1000 calories and was tested against C-reactive protein, ILs-1,2,4,10, TNF-α, ICAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and IFN-γ. All inflammatory markers had nonnormal distributions and therefore were log transformed. Analyses were performed using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, city, BMI, smoking, and physical activity. Pro-inflammatory diet (higher DII scores) was associated with increased levels of various inflammatory markers: TNF-α, IL-1, 2, IFN-γ, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (bDIIt3vs1 = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.25; 0.13, 95% CI 0.001, 0.25; 0.40, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.77; 0.53, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.01; 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13, respectively). These results reinforce the fact that diet, as a whole, plays an important role in modifying inflammation in adolescents.

| S-EPMC5517083 | biostudies-literature

Association between dietary inflammatory index and Stroke in the US population: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.

Project description:BackgroundThere is an increasing awareness that diet-related inflammation may have an impact on the stroke. Herein, our goal was to decipher the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with stroke in the US general population.MethodsWe collected the cross-sectional data of 44,019 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. The association of DII with stroke was estimated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, with its nonlinearity being examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied for identifying key stroke-related dietary factors, which was then included in the establishment of a risk prediction nomogram model, with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve being built to evaluate its discriminatory power for stroke.ResultsAfter confounder adjustment, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stroke across higher DII quartiles were 1.19 (0.94-1.54), 1.46 (1.16-1.84), and 1.87 (1.53-2.29) compared to the lowest quartile, respectively. The RCS curve showed a nonlinear and positive association between DII and stroke. The nomogram model based on key dietary factors identified by LASSO regression displayed a considerable predicative value for stroke, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 79.8% (78.2-80.1%).ConclusionsOur study determined a nonlinear and positive association between DII and stroke in the US general population. Given the intrinsic limitations of cross-sectional study design, it is necessary to conduct more research to ensure the causality of such association.

| S-EPMC10763382 | biostudies-literature

The Relationship Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incident Frailty: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Project description:Inflammation is key risk factor for several conditions in the elderly. However, the relationship between inflammation and frailty is still unclear. We investigated whether higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were associated with higher incidence of frailty in a cohort of North Americans.Longitudinal, with a follow-up of 8 years.Osteoarthritis Initiative.A total of 4421 participants with, or at high risk of, knee osteoarthritis.DII scores were calculated using the validated Block Brief 2000 Food-Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into sex-specific quartiles. Frailty was defined as 2 out of 3 of the criteria of the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture study (ie, weight loss, inability to rise from a chair 5 times, and poor energy). The strength of the association between baseline DII score and incident frailty was assessed through a Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential baseline confounders, and reported as hazard ratios.A total of 4421 community-dwelling participants (2564 female participants; mean age: 61.3 years) without frailty at baseline were identified from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. During 8 years of follow-up, 356 individuals developed frailty (8.2%). Using Cox's regression analysis, adjusting for 11 potential confounders, participants with the highest DII score (quartile 4) had a significantly higher risk of experiencing frailty (hazard ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.89; P = .04) compared with participants with the lowest DII score (quartile 1). The association between DII score and frailty was significant only in men.Higher DII scores, indicating a more proinflammatory diet, are associated with higher incidence of frailty, particularly in men.

| S-EPMC5756582 | biostudies-other

Telomere and mitochondria mediated the association between dietary inflammatory index and mild cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study.

Project description:BackgroundDiet and chronic inflammation might play a major role in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) might mediate the relationship between inflammation and MCI risk. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether inflammatory potential of diet assessed by dietary inflammatory index (DII), chronic inflammation, peripheral blood LTL, and mtDNAcn were associated with the risk of MCI.ResultsA population-based cohort study was conducted with a total of 2944 participants. During a median follow-up of 2 years, 438 (14.90%) individuals were new-onset MCI. After adjustment, a higher score of DII (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.056, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.109), a higher log systemic immune inflammation index (SII) (HR: 1.333, 95% CI: 1.089, 1.633) and log system inflammation response index (SIRI) (HR: 1.487, 95% CI: 1.024, 2.161) predicted elevated risk of MCI. An increased mtDNAcn (HR: 0.843, 95% CI: 0.712, 0.997), but not LTL, predicted a decreased risk of MCI. Negative associations of log SII with LTL (β:-0.359, 95% CI: -0.445, -0.273) and mtDNAcn (β:-0.048, 95% CI: -0.090, -0.006) were found. Additionally, negative associations of log SIRI with LTL (β: -0.035, 95% CI: -0.052, -0.017) and mtDNAcn (β:-0.136, 95% CI: -0.216, -0.056) were also found. Path analysis suggested that SIRI, LTL, and mtDNAcn, in series, have mediation roles in the association between DII score and MCI risk.ConclusionsHigher DII, SII, and SIRI might predict a greater risk of MCI, while a longer LTL and an increased mtDNAcn were linked to a reduced risk of MCI among the older population. LTL and mtDNAcn could play mediation roles in the association between DII and MCI risk.

| S-EPMC9813461 | biostudies-literature

Association between ALDH2 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk in a Korean Population.

Project description:The association between alcohol and gastric cancer is stronger in East Asians than in other ethnic groups, presumably due to an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphism. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and gastric cancer in a Korean population. This case-control study included 3,245 hospital patients newly diagnosed with gastric cancer and 8,732 population controls. The ALDH2 rs671 genotype was classified as inactive ALDH2 (GG) or active ALDH2 (GA/AA). The risk of gastric cancer was higher in men with the inactive ALDH2 than in those with active ALDH2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.39), whereas no significant association was found between ALDH2 genotype and gastric cancer in women (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.02). In men, the association between ALDH2 genotype and gastric cancer was stronger in current drinkers. Our findings support the previously reported association between inactive ALDH2 and high risk of gastric cancer.

| S-EPMC7200175 | biostudies-literature

Association between the dietary inflammatory index and disability in Japanese older people.

Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the demographic and lifestyle characteristics related to the dietary inflammatory index (DII™) score and to evaluate the association between DII score and disability among older people in Japan.DesignCross-sectional design. The DII score was calculated from nutrient intake information obtained from a FFQ. Disability was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence questionnaire. Overall disability and disability in each component of everyday competence, that is, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), intellectual activities and social participation, were assessed. Those with a deficit in one or more activities were defined as disabled.SettingFive non-urban areas in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 1642 Japanese older people aged 65 years or older.ResultsWomen, residents of Oga-shi, and those with a higher education and greater frequency of shopping followed a more anti-inflammatory diet, while those living alone and residents of Minamiawaji-shi had higher dietary inflammation. A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher odds of overall disability and disability in each component of competence: overall disability, OR (95 % CI) = 1·26 (1·16, 1·36); IADL disability, OR (95 % CI) = 1·16 (1·07, 1·26); disability in intellectual activities, OR (95 % CI): 1·30 (1·20, 1·40); and disability in social participation, OR (95 % CI) = 1·20 (1·11, 1·29).ConclusionsSex, living alone, education, frequency of shopping and area of residence were shown to be determinants of DII score in Japanese older people. DII score was positively associated with disability.

| S-EPMC9991663 | biostudies-literature

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study based on the Korean population.

Project description:BackgroundAtherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a non-traditional lipid parameter that can reflect the burden of atherosclerosis. A lipid profile resembling atherosclerosis emerged during pregnancy. Although lipid metabolism is pivotal in diabetes pathogenesis, there is no evidence linking AIP to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, our objective was to explore the relationship between AIP and GDM and assess AIP's predictive capability for GDM.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis based on data from a prospective cohort study in Korea involving 585 single pregnant women. AIP was calculated as log10 (TG/HDL). We examined the relationship between AIP and GDM using logistic regression models, curve fitting, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also used to determine the ability of AIP to predict GDM.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 32.06 ± 3.76 years. The AIP was 0.24 ± 0.20 on average. The GDM incidence was 6.15%. After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, AIP showed a positive linear relationship with GDM (P for non-linearity: 0.801, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.27-1.97). The robustness of the connection between AIP and GDM was demonstrated by sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. An area under the ROC curve of 0.7879 (95% CI 0.7087-0.8671) indicates that AIP is an excellent predictor of GDM. With a specificity of 75.41% and sensitivity of 72.22%, the ideal AIP cut-off value for identifying GDM was 0.3557.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the AIP at 10-14 weeks of gestation was independently and positively correlated with GDM risk. AIP could serve as an early screening and monitoring tool for pregnant women at high risk of GDM, thereby optimizing GDM prevention strategies.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02276144.

| S-EPMC11227226 | biostudies-literature

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