Marker-assisted pyramiding of γ-tocopherol methyltransferase and glutamate formiminotransferase genes for development of biofortified sweet corn hybrids
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lv G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9270877 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Malnutrition affects growth and development in humans and causes socio-economic losses. Normal maize is deficient in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan; and vitamin-A. Crop biofortification is a sustainable and economical approach to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. We combined favorable alleles of crtRB1 and lcyE genes into opaque2 (o2)-based four inbreds viz. QLM11, QLM12, QLM13, and QLM14 using marker-assisted backcross breeding. These are parents of quality protein maize versions of two elite hybrids viz. Buland and PMH1, grown in India. Gene-based SSRs for o2 and InDel markers for crtRB1 and lcyE were successfully employed for foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC2F2 generations. The recurrent parent genome recovery ranged from 88.9 to 96.0% among introgressed progenies. Kernels of pyramided lines possessed a high concentration of proA (7.14-9.63 ppm), compared to 1.05 to 1.41 ppm in the recurrent parents, while lysine and tryptophan ranged from 0.28-0.44% and 0.07-0.09%, respectively. The reconstituted hybrids (RBuland and RPMH1) showed significant enhancement of endosperm proA (6.97-9.82 ppm), tryptophan (0.07-0.09%), and lysine (0.29-0.43%), while grain yield was at par with their original versions. The dissemination of reconstituted hybrids holds significant promise to alleviate vitamin-A deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition in developing countries.
| S-EPMC8209105 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of sweet corn plant density (crowding stress) tolerance influencing yield. Tolerance to crowding stress has played a crucial role in improving agronomic productivity in field corn; however, commercial sweet corn hybrids vary greatly in crowding stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted to 1) explore transcriptional changes among sweet corn hybrids with differential yield under crowding stress, 2) identify relationships between phenotypic responses and gene expression patterns, and 3) identify groups of genes associated with yield and crowding stress tolerance. Under conditions of crowding stress, three high-yielding and three low-yielding sweet corn hybrids were grouped for transcriptional and phenotypic analyses. Transcriptional analyses identified from 372 to 859 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each hybrid. Large gene expression pattern variation among hybrids and only 26 common DEGs across all hybrid comparisons were identified, suggesting each hybrid has a unique response to crowding stress. Over-represented biological functions of DEGs also differed among hybrids. Strong correlation was observed between: 1) modules with up-regulation in high-yielding hybrids and yield traits, and 2) modules with up-regulation in low-yielding hybrids and plant/ear traits. Modules linked with yield traits may be important crowding stress response mechanisms influencing crop yield. Functional analysis of the modules and common DEGs identified candidate crowding stress tolerant processes in photosynthesis, glycolysis, cell wall, carbohydrate/nitrogen metabolic process, chromatin, and transcription regulation. Moreover, these biological functions were greatly inter-connected, indicating the importance of improving the mechanisms as a network.
2016-01-05 | GSE73435 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of sweet corn plant density (crowding stress) tolerance influencing yield. Tolerance to crowding stress has played a crucial role in improving agronomic productivity in field corn; however, commercial sweet corn hybrids vary greatly in crowding stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted to 1) explore transcriptional changes among sweet corn hybrids with differential yield under crowding stress, 2) identify relationships between phenotypic responses and gene expression patterns, and 3) identify groups of genes associated with yield and crowding stress tolerance. Under conditions of crowding stress, three high-yielding and three low-yielding sweet corn hybrids were grouped for transcriptional and phenotypic analyses. Transcriptional analyses identified from 372 to 859 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each hybrid. Large gene expression pattern variation among hybrids and only 26 common DEGs across all hybrid comparisons were identified, suggesting each hybrid has a unique response to crowding stress. Over-represented biological functions of DEGs also differed among hybrids. Strong correlation was observed between: 1) modules with up-regulation in high-yielding hybrids and yield traits, and 2) modules with up-regulation in low-yielding hybrids and plant/ear traits. Modules linked with yield traits may be important crowding stress response mechanisms influencing crop yield. Functional analysis of the modules and common DEGs identified candidate crowding stress tolerant processes in photosynthesis, glycolysis, cell wall, carbohydrate/nitrogen metabolic process, chromatin, and transcription regulation. Moreover, these biological functions were greatly inter-connected, indicating the importance of improving the mechanisms as a network. 3 high-and 3 low-yielding hybrids with 2-3 biological replications grown under high population density (crowding stress)
2016-01-05 | E-GEOD-73435 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Crop tolerance to crowding stress, specifically plant population density, is an important target to improve productivity in processing sweet corn. Due to limited knowledge of biological mechanisms involved in crowding stress in sweet corn, a study was conducted to 1) investigate phenotypic and transcriptional response of sweet corn hybrids under different plant densties, 2) compare the crowding stress response mechanisms between hybrids and 3) identify candidate biological mechanisms involved in crowding stress response. Yield per hectare of a tolerant hybrid (DMC21-84) increased with plant density. Yield per hectare of a sensitive hybrid (GSS2259P) declined with plant density. Transcriptional analysis found 694, 537, 359 and 483 crowding stress differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GSS2259P at the Fruit Farm and Vegetable Farm and for DMC21-84 at the Fruit Farm and Vegetable Farm, respectively. Strong transcriptional change due to hybrid was observed. Functional analyses of DEGs involved in crowding stress also revealed that protein folding and photosynthetic processes were common response mechanisms for both hybrids. However, DEGs related to starch biosynthetic, carbohydrate metabolism, and ABA related processes were significant only for DMC21-84, suggesting the genes have closer relationship to plant productivity under stress than other processes. These results collectively provide initial insight into potential crowding stress response mechanisms in sweet corn.
| S-EPMC8211227 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Over the last six decades, steady improvement in plant density tolerance (PDT) has been one of the largest contributors to genetic yield gain in field corn. While recent research indicates that PDT in modern sweet corn hybrids could be exploited to improve yield, historical changes in PDT in sweet corn are unknown. The objectives of this study were to: (a) quantify the extent to which PDT has changed since introduction of hybrid sweet corn and (b) determine the extent to which changes over time in PDT are associated with plant morpho-physiological and ear traits. An era panel was assembled by recreating 15 sugary1 sweet corn hybrids that were widely used at one time in the United States, representing hybrids since the 1930s. Era hybrids were evaluated in field experiments in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement of treatments, including hybrid as the main factor and density as the split-plot factor. Plant density treatments included "Low" plant density (9,900 plants/ha) free of crowding stress or "High" plant density (79,000 plants/ha) with crowding stress. On average, per-area marketable ear mass (Mt/ha) increased at a rate of 0.8 Mt/ha/decade at High densities, whereas per-plant yield (i.e., kg/plant) remained unchanged over time regardless of the density level. Crate yield, a fresh market metric, improved for modern hybrids. However, processing sweet corn yield metrics like fresh kernel mass and recovery (amount of kernel mass contributing to the fresh ear mass) showed modest or no improvement over time, respectively. Modern sweet corn hybrids tend to have fewer tillers and lower fresh shoot biomass, potentially allowing the use of higher plant density; however, plant architecture alone does not accurately predict PDT of individual hybrids.
| S-EPMC8492913 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Traditional yellow maize though contains high kernel carotenoids, the concentration of provitamin A (proA) is quite low (<2 ?g/g), compared to recommended level (15 ?g/g). It also possesses poor endosperm protein quality due to low concentration of lysine and tryptophan. Natural variant of crtRB1 (?-carotene hydroxylase) and lcyE (lycopene-?-cyclase) cause significant enhancement of proA concentration, while recessive allele, opaque2 (o2) enhances the level of these amino acids. Development of biofortified maize enriched in proA, lysine and tryptophan thus holds significance in alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition. In the present study, marker-assisted stacking of crtRB1, lcyE and o2 was undertaken in the genetic background of four maize hybrids (HQPM1, HQPM4, HQPM5, and HQPM7) popularly grown in India. HP704-22 and HP704-23 were used as donors, while four elite QPM parents viz., HKI161, HKI163, HKI193-1, and HKI193-2 were used as recipients. CrtRB1 showed severe segregation distortion, while lcyE segregated as per the expectation. Recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG) among selected backcross progenies ranged from 89 to 93%. Introgressed progenies possessed high concentration of proA (7.38-13.59 ?g/g), compared to 1.65-2.04 ?g/g in the recurrent parents. The reconstituted hybrids showed an average of 4.5-fold increase in proA with a range of 9.25-12.88 ?g/g, compared to original hybrids (2.14-2.48 ?g/g). Similar plant-, ear-, and grain- characteristics of improved versions of both inbreds and hybrids were observed when evaluated with their respective original versions. Mean lysine (0.334%) and tryptophan (0.080%) of the improved hybrids were at par with the original versions (lysine: 0.340%, tryptophan: 0.083%). Improved hybrids also possessed similar grain yield potential (6,301-8,545 kg/ha) with their original versions (6,135-8,479 kg/ha) evaluated at two locations. This is the first study of staking crtRB1-, lcyE-, and o2-, favorable alleles in single genetic background. The improved inbreds can be effectively used as potential donor for independent and/or simultaneous introgression of crtRB1, lcyE, and o2 in the future breeding programme. These biofortified maize hybrids, rich in proA, lysine and tryptophan will hold great promise for nutritional security.
| S-EPMC5826225 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of sweet corn response to plant density (crowding stress). Determine the extent to which hybrid and environment influences crowding stress response and identify crowding stress transcriptional response in sweet corn
2021-06-01 | GSE72434 | GEO
Project description:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169115.].
| S-EPMC5560524 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND: Improvement of ?-tocopherol content is an important breeding aim to increase the nutritional value of crops. Several efforts have been conducted to improve the ?-tocopherol content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] through transgenic technology by overexpressing genes related to ?-tocopherol biosynthesis or through changes to crop management practices. Varieties with high ?-tocopherol content have been identified in soybean germplasms. The heritability of this trait has been characterized in a cross between high ?-tocopherol variety Keszthelyi Aproszemu Sarga (KAS) and low ?-tocopherol variety Ichihime. In this study, the genetic mechanism of the high ?-tocopherol content trait of KAS was elucidated. RESULTS: Through QTL analysis and fine mapping in populations from a cross between KAS and a Japanese variety Ichihime, we identified ?-TMT3, which encodes ?-tocopherol methyltransferase, as a candidate gene responsible for high ?-tocopherol concentration in KAS. Several nucleotide polymorphisms including two nonsynonymous mutations were found in the coding region of ?-TMT3 between Ichihime and KAS, but none of which was responsible for the difference in ?-tocopherol concentration. Therefore, we focused on transcriptional regulation of ?-TMT3 in developing seeds and leaves. An F5 line that was heterozygous for the region containing ?-TMT3 was self-pollinated. From among the progeny, plants that were homozygous at the ?-TMT3 locus were chosen for further evaluation. The expression level of ?-TMT3 was higher both in developing seeds and leaves of plants homozygous for the ?-TMT3 allele from KAS. The higher expression level was closely correlated with high ?-tocopherol content in developing seeds. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring GUS gene under the control of ?-TMT3 promoter from KAS or Ichihime. The GUS activity assay showed that the activity of ?-TMT3 promoter from KAS was higher than that of Ichihime. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic variation in ?-TMT3, which plays a major role in determining ?-tocopherol concentration, provides significant information about the regulation of tocopherol biosynthesis in soybean seeds. This knowledge will help breeding programs to develop new soybean varieties with high ?-tocopherol content.
| S-EPMC3220646 | biostudies-literature