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Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation and Paradigm Shifts in Epilepsy Surgery.

ABSTRACT: Advances in device technology have created greater flexibility in treating seizures as emergent properties of networks that exist on a local to global continuum. All patients with drug-resistant epilepsy are potential surgical candidates, given that intracranial neuromodulation through deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation can reduce seizures and improve quality of life, even in multifocal and generalized epilepsies. To achieve this goal, indications and strategies for diagnostic epilepsy surgery are evolving. This article describes the state-of-the-art in epilepsy surgery and related changes in how we define indications for diagnostic and therapeutic surgical intervention.

SUBMITTER: Richardson RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9271409 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation and Paradigm Shifts in Epilepsy Surgery.

Richardson R Mark RM

Neurologic clinics 20220331 2

Advances in device technology have created greater flexibility in treating seizures as emergent properties of networks that exist on a local to global continuum. All patients with drug-resistant epilepsy are potential surgical candidates, given that intracranial neuromodulation through deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation can reduce seizures and improve quality of life, even in multifocal and generalized epilepsies. To achieve this goal, indications and strategies for diagnosti ...[more]

PMID: 35465880

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Project description:ImportanceA bidirectional brain-computer interface that performs neurostimulation has been shown to improve seizure control in patients with refractory epilepsy, but the therapeutic mechanism is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate whether electrographic effects of responsive neurostimulation (RNS), identified in electrocorticographic (ECOG) recordings from the device, are associated with patient outcomes.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective review of ECOG recordings and accompanying clinical meta-data from 11 consecutive patients with focal epilepsy who were implanted with a neurostimulation system between January 28, 2015, and June 6, 2017, with 22 to 112 weeks of follow-up. Recorded ECOG data were obtained from the manufacturer; additional system-generated meta-data, including recording and detection settings, were collected directly from the manufacturer's management system using an in-house, custom-built platform. Electrographic seizure patterns were identified in RNS recordings and evaluated in the time-frequency domain, which was locked to the onset of the seizure pattern.Main outcomes and measuresPatterns of electrophysiological modulation were identified and then classified according to their latency of onset in relation to triggered stimulation events. Seizure control after RNS implantation was assessed by 3 main variables: mean frequency of seizure occurrence, estimated mean severity of seizures, and mean duration of seizures. Overall seizure outcomes were evaluated by the extended Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale questionnaires, a patient-reported outcome measure of 3 domains (seizure characteristics, medication adverse effects, and quality of life), with a range of possible scores from 0 to 300 in which lower scores indicate worse status, and the Engel scale, which comprises 4 classes (I-IV) in which lower numbers indicate greater improvement.ResultsElectrocorticographic data from 11 patients (8 female; mean [range] age, 35 [19-65] years; mean [range] duration of epilepsy, 19 [5-37] years) were analyzed. Two main categories of electrophysiological signatures of stimulation-induced modulation of the seizure network were discovered: direct and indirect effects. Direct effects included ictal inhibition and early frequency modulation but were not associated with improved clinical outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.06-7.35; P > .99). Only indirect effects-those occurring remote from triggered stimulation-were associated with improved clinical outcomes (OR, infinity; 95% CI, -infinity to infinity; P = .02). These indirect effects included spontaneous ictal inhibition, frequency modulation, fragmentation, and ictal duration modulation.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings suggest that RNS effectiveness may be explained by long-term, stimulation-induced modulation of seizure network activity rather than by direct effects on each detected seizure.

Dataset Information

Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation and Paradigm Shifts in Epilepsy Surgery.

Publications

Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation and Paradigm Shifts in Epilepsy Surgery.

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