The effect of disease anthropomorphism on compliance with health recommendations
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ABSTRACT: Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11747-022-00891-6.
SUBMITTER: Wang L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9281194 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the main cause of death among non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, and they have a high economic impact on health systems. Most populations around the world, including Brazilians, consume excessive sodium, which increases blood pressure and the risk of CVDs.ObjectiveTo model the estimated deaths and costs associated with CVDs, which are mediated by increased blood pressure attributable to excessive sodium consumption in adults from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system in 2017.MethodsWe employed two macrosimulation methods, using top-down approaches and based on the same relative risks. The models estimated the mortality and costs-of-illness attributable to excessive sodium intake and mediated by hypertension for adults aged over 30 years in 2017. Direct healthcare cost data (inpatient care, outpatient care and medications) were extracted from the Ministry of Health information systems and official records.ResultsIn 2017, an estimated 46,651 deaths from CVDs could have been prevented if the average sodium consumption had been reduced to 2 g/day in Brazil. Premature deaths related to excessive sodium consumption caused 575,172 Years of Life Lost and US$ 752.7 million in productivity losses to the economy. In the same year, the National Health System's costs of hospitalizations, outpatient care and medication for hypertension attributable to excessive sodium consumption totaled US$192.1 million. The main causes of death and costs associated with CVDs were coronary heart disease and stroke, followed by hypertensive disease, heart failure and aortic aneurysm.ConclusionExcessive sodium consumption is estimated to account for 15% of deaths by CVDs and to 14% of the inpatient and outpatient costs associated with CVD. It also has high societal costs in terms of premature deaths. CVDs are a leading cause of disease and economic burden on the global, regional and country levels. As a largely preventable and treatable conditions, CVDs require the strengthening of cost-effective policies, supported by evidence, including modeling studies, to reduce the costs relating to illness borne by the Brazilian public health system and society.
| S-EPMC7347203 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study is to estimate the number of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases and diet-related cancers that could be prevented or delayed in the Nordic countries, i.e., Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Iceland, if adults adhere to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). A sex- and age-group specific epidemiological macro-simulation model was used to estimate the preventable deaths due to the differences between country specific actual intake and recommended intake of changes in food components. Data included in the model are a baseline scenario (actual dietary intake), a counterfactual scenario (recommended intake), and age-and sex-specific mortality for cardiovascular and diet-related cancer diseases, together with the total population risk of a specific year. Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 iterations were performed to produce the 95% uncertainty intervals. The model predicts that Iceland would benefit the most by adhering to the NNR, followed by Finland. In all the Nordic countries, the highest benefit would be achieved by adhering to the fruits and vegetable intakes, except Denmark, where a lower recommended intake of salt would provide the highest benefit. For men, fruits and vegetables could have saved more lives compared to other dietary components for all the Nordic countries, while for women, dietary fiber was the most prominent factor, except in Iceland. The Nordic Council should consider policies for promoting healthy eating according to the needs of each country.
| S-EPMC6627195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article studies the role of partisanship in American's willingness to follow government recommendations. I combine survey and behavioral data to examine partisans' vaccination rates during the Bush and Obama administrations. I find that presidential co-partisans are more likely to believe that vaccines are safe and more likely to vaccinate themselves and their children than presidential out-partisans. Depending on the vaccine, presidential co-partisans are 4-10 percentage points more likely to vaccinate than presidential out-partisans. Using causal mediation analysis, I find that this effect is the result of partisans' differing levels of trust in government. This finding sheds light on the far-reaching role of partisanship in Americans' interactions with the federal government.
| S-EPMC7224154 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhereas storage conditions are regulated and closely monitored in every stage of the drug supply chain before drug dispensing, it is unknown if patients store drugs at home according to storage recommendations.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate how older patients store their prescription drugs at home and to what extent they comply with drug storage recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study between October 2015 and March 2016. Forty-four participating Dutch community pharmacies selected four home-dwelling patients (aged ≥ 65 years) using at least one prescription drug. A complete drug inventory at patients' homes was performed. Drugs were considered to fulfill the storage recommendation when these met all drug quality (Q) and information (I) criteria: adequately stored according to drug product label storage recommendations for temperature, light, humidity (Q1); expiry date not passed (Q2); integer primary package (Q3); drug identifiability (I1); drug package insert or information leaflet availability (I2).ResultsOne hundred and seventy patients [53.5% female, mean age 74.9 (standard deviation 7.3) years] were included and 1133 prescription drugs stored at home were registered. More than half of the patients (51.2%) complied with all storage quality and information criteria. Assessment of the individual criteria showed that 76.4% of patients were compliant with criterion Q1 while 90.6, 95.3, 97.1 and 71.2% of patients complied with criteria Q2, Q3, I1 and I2, respectively. 53.2% of drugs that should be kept refrigerated according to storage criterion Q1 were not stored between 2 and 8 °C.ConclusionThis study illustrates that more than half of the older patients comply with general drug storage recommendations.
| S-EPMC5884895 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is common among women and is a leading cause of death in the United States. This study assessed the impact of CVD on compliance with the US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for cervical and breast cancer screening among U.S. adult women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 17,408 women using data from the National Health Interview Survey 2013. A total of 11,788 respondents (21-65 years old) with complete information on Pap smear and 11,409 women (40+ years old) with complete information on mammography compliance were included. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of CVD on cervical and breast cancer screening practices.ResultsWomen with CVD were marginally more likely to have had a mammogram in accordance with guidelines (odds ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.31) than those without CVD. However, compliance with Pap tests was similar (80.6% vs 82.3%, p>0.05) between the two groups. Myocardial infarction was associated with reduced odds of Pap smear compliance (odds ratio: 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.51).ConclusionsWomen with prior myocardial infarction should be encouraged to continue receiving regular Pap smears. More research is needed to assess whether observed differences in Pap testing between patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction result from lack of provider recommendation or from patient noncompliance with their recommendations.
| S-EPMC4545373 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Service robots are increasingly deployed in various industries including tourism. In spite of extensive research on the user's experience in interaction with these robots, there are yet unanswered questions about the factors that influence user's compliance. Through three online studies, we investigate the effect of the robot anthropomorphism and language style on customers' willingness to follow its recommendations. The mediating role of the perceived mind and persuasiveness in this relationship is also investigated. Study 1 (n = 89) shows that a service robot with a higher level of anthropomorphic features positively influences the willingness of users to follow its recommendations while language style does not affect compliance. Study 2a (n = 168) further confirms this finding when we presented participants with a tablet vs. a service robot with an anthropomorphic appearance while communication style does not affect compliance. Finally, Study 2b (n = 122) supports the indirect effect of anthropomorphism level on the willingness to follow recommendations through perceived mind followed by persuasiveness. The findings provide valuable insight to enhance human-robot interaction in service settings.
| S-EPMC9463504 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA healthy diet has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases complications. The objective of this study was to assess dietary intakes and compliance with nutritional and lifestyle recommendations in French adults diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia or cardiovascular disease compared with healthy individuals.MethodsData was collected from 26,570 subjects aged 35 to 70 years (13,285 patients and 13,285 controls matched by sex and age) of the French cohort NutriNet-Santé. Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h records. Mean food and nutrient intakes of patients were compared to those of healthy subjects using multivariable mixed logistic and linear regressions.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, adults reporting cardiometabolic diseases had lower intakes of sweetened products, higher intakes of fish and seafood and a better compliance with dairy products. However, overall, they reported unhealthier lifestyles and dietary habits. Indeed, they were less often physically active and had similar habits regarding alcohol and tobacco consumption. They also had lower intakes of fruit, higher intakes of meat, processed meat and added fats. It is noteworthy that diabetic subjects tended to show the highest compliance with certain dietary recommendations (vegetables, pulses and whole grain products).ConclusionOur study brings into focus the fact that some nutritional aspects still need to be improved among individuals with a cardiometabolic disease. We should encourage higher intakes of fruits and vegetables, whole grain products, and lower intakes of meat and sodium, as well as healthy lifestyle (physical activity, no-smoking and limited intake of alcohol) in order to encourage a healthier management after being diagnosed.
| S-EPMC5490525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Philosophical view of embodiment, one of the most influential hypotheses in cognitive science, postulates that sensorimotor experiences and bodily states influence people's behavior, cognition, and emotion. Despite embodiment theory addressing the basic experiences of cognitive life, there is a paucity of information available regarding the health consequences of holding such a philosophic belief. In the current investigation, we examined a new idea that embodiment theory leads people to believe in the central role of physical body in shaping cognitive processes and mental activities, which can in turn alter individuals' motivation to comply with preventive measures to the COVID-19. In Study 1, participants who were primed with theories of embodied cognition (vs. Cartesian dualism) self-reported more compliance with safety-promoting measures surrounding the new coronavirus disease. Extending beyond self-report measures, Study 2 focused on an actual virus-mitigation behavior. The results showed that participants primed with philosophic conceptions of embodiment (vs. dualism) were more likely to choose face masks (vs. pencils) as a gift. These findings suggest that the philosophical view of embodiment not only offers scientifically valuable insight into the mechanics of cognitive processing, but increases people's willingness to follow non-pharmaceutical containment measures in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
| S-EPMC9756887 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reduced cerebrovascular compliance is the major mechanism of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) also promotes SVD development, but the underlying mechanism was not elucidated. We investigated the association among OSA, cerebrovascular compliance, and SVD parameters. This study retrospectively included individuals ≥ 50 years of age, underwent overnight polysomnographic (PSG) for the evaluation of OSA, and performed MRI and transcranial Doppler (TCD) within 12 months of interval without a neurological event between the evaluations. TCD parameters for the cerebrovascular compliance included middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI) and mean MCA resistance index ratio (MRIR). SVD parameters included white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, number of lacunes, enlarged perivascular space (ePVS) score, and the presence of microbleeds or lacunes. Ninety-seven individuals (60.8% male, mean age 70.0±10.5 years) were included. MRIR was associated with higher respiratory distress index (B = 0.003; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001-0.005; P = 0.021), while MCA PI was not associated with any of the PSG markers for OSA severity. Apnea-hypopnea index was associated with the log-transformed total WMH volume (B = 0.008; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001-0.016; P = 0.020), subcortical WMH volume (B = 0.015; 95% CI 0.007-0.022; P<0.001), total ePVS score (B = 0.024; 95% CI 0.003-0.045; P = 0.026), and centrum semiovale ePVS score (B = 0.026; 95% CI 0.004-0.048; P = 0.019), and oxygen-desaturation index with periventricular WMH volume, independently from age, MCA PI, and MRIR. This study concluded that OSA is associated with reduced cerebrovascular compliance and also with SVD independently from cerebrovascular compliance. Underlying pathomechanistic link might be region specific.
| S-EPMC8589195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlthough IPTp-SP is a lifesaving World Health Organization (WHO) recommended preventive intervention for pregnant women in malaria-endemic regions, IPTp-SP uptake in the Northern region of Ghana is much lower than the sub-optimal national coverage level. Assessing the extent of health workers' compliance and its associated factors will generate valuable pointers to be targeted at the program level. The study examined the factors influencing health workers' compliance with the WHO recommended guidelines for IPTp-SP in the Northern Region.MethodsA cross-sectional study among 315 health workers in the Northern region was conducted. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on health workers' sociodemographic characteristics, facility-based factors and knowledge level. Data were collected on health workers' compliance with the recommended practices through covert observations using a checklist. Facility observations were carried out using a checklist. Crude and adjusted logistic regression were used to determine predictors of health workers' compliance, at a 5% significance level adjusting for clustering.ResultsOf the 315 health workers studied, the median age was 29 years (26-34 years). Females constituted (80.5%; 252) of the 313 workers. The majority (47.4%;148) of the 312 health workers were midwives. Overall, 56.2% (CI 51.0 - 62.0) were adequately complying with the recommended guidelines. Lower levels of compliance were recorded in health centres 15.6% (5.0 - 33.0) and CHPS compounds 21.2% (11.0 - 35.0). The factors associated with compliance included health workers' knowledge (aOR = 7.64, 95% CI 4.21 - 13.87, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (aOR 10.87, 95% CI 7.04 - 16.79, p < 0.001), in-service training (aOR 10.11, 95% CI 4.53 - 22.56, p < 0.001), supervision (aOR 4.01, 95% CI 2.09 - 7.68, p < 0.001), availability of job aids (aOR 3.61, 95% CI 2.44 - 5.35, p < 0.001), health workers experience (aOR = 10.64, 95% CI 5.99 - 18.91, p < 0.001) and facility type (aOR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.07, p < 0.001).ConclusionCompliance with the recommended IPTp-SP guidelines is suboptimal in the region, with lower-level health facilities recording the least compliance levels. Health centres and CHPS facilities should be prioritized in distributing limited resources to improve health worker quality of care for antenatal care clients.
| S-EPMC9509592 | biostudies-literature