Prediction of enteric methane emissions from lactating cows using methane to carbon dioxide ratio in the breath.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Suzuki T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9285552 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are considered as a promising technique to improve animal productivity without affecting animal health or harming the environment. The potential of three bacterial DFM to reduce methane (CH4) emissions, modulate ruminal fermentation, milk production and composition of primiparous dairy cows was examined in this study. As previous reports have shown that DFM respond differently to different diets, two contrasting diets were used in this study. Eight lactating primiparous cows were randomly divided into two groups that were fed a corn silage-based, high-starch diet (HSD) or a grass silage-based, high-fiber diet (HFD). Cows in each dietary group were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The bacterial DFM used were selected for their proven CH4-reducing effect in vitro. Treatments included control (without DFM) and 3 DFM treatments: Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W (2.9 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/cow per day), Lactobacillus pentosus D31 (3.6 × 1011 CFU/cow per day) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 (4.6 × 1010 CFU/cow per day). Each experimental period included 4 weeks of treatment and 1 week of wash-out, with measures performed in the fourth week of the treatment period. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured during 3 consecutive days using respiration chambers. Rumen samples were collected for ruminal fermentation parameters and quantitative microbial analyses. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis. Body weight of cows were recorded at the end of each treatment period. Irrespective of diet, no mitigating effect of DFM was observed on CH4 emissions in dairy cows. In contrast, Propionibacterium increased CH4 intensity by 27% (g CH4/kg milk) in cows fed HSD. There was no effect of DFM on other fermentation parameters and on bacterial, archaeal and protozoal numbers. Similarly, the effect of DFM on milk fatty acid composition was negligible. Propionibacterium and L. pentosus DFM tended to increase body weight gain with HSD. We conclude that, contrary to the effect previously observed in vitro, bacterial DFM Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W, Lactobacillus pentosus D31 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 did not alter ruminal fermentation and failed to reduce CH4 emissions in lactating primiparous cows fed high-starch or high-fiber diets.
| S-EPMC6495644 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Estimating carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emission rates from reservoirs is important for regional and national greenhouse gas inventories. A lack of methodologically consistent data sets for many parts of the world, including agriculturally intensive areas of the United States, poses a major challenge to the development of models for predicting emission rates. In this study, we used a systematic approach to measure CO2 and CH4 diffusive and ebullitive emission rates from 32 reservoirs distributed across an agricultural to forested land use gradient in the United States. We found that all reservoirs were a source of CH4 to the atmosphere, with ebullition being the dominant emission pathway in 75% of the systems. Ebullition was a negligible emission pathway for CO2, and 65% of sampled reservoirs were a net CO2 sink. Boosted regression trees (BRTs), a type of machine learning algorithm, identified reservoir morphology and watershed agricultural land use as important predictors of emission rates. We used the BRT to predict CH4 emission rates for reservoirs in the U.S. state of Ohio and estimate they are the fourth largest anthropogenic CH4 source in the state. Our work demonstrates that CH4 emission rates for reservoirs in our study region can be predicted from information in readily available national geodatabases. Expanded sampling campaigns could generate the data needed to train models for upscaling in other U.S. regions or nationally.
| S-EPMC7863622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study examined the effects of partly replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS), with or without rapeseed oil (RSO) supplementation, on methane (CH4) emissions, production performance, and rumen microbiome in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The effect of individual pre-trial CH4-emitting characteristics on dietary emissions mitigation was also examined. Twenty Nordic Red cows at 71 ± 37.2 (mean ± SD) days in milk were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four dietary treatments (GS, GS supplemented with RSO, GS plus MS, GS plus MS supplemented with RSO) applied in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Partial replacement of GS with MS decreased the intake of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, milk production, yield of milk components, and general nutrient digestibility. Supplementation with RSO decreased the intake of DM and nutrients, energy-corrected milk yield, composition and yield of milk fat and protein, and general digestibility of nutrients, except for crude protein. Individual cow pre-trial measurements of CH4-emitting characteristics had a significant influence on gas emissions but did not alter the magnitude of CH4 emissions. Dietary RSO decreased daily CH4, yield, and intensity. It also increased the relative abundance of rumen Methanosphaera and Succinivibrionaceae and decreased that of Bifidobacteriaceae. There were no effects of dietary MS on CH4 emissions in this study, but supplementation with 41 g RSO/kg of DM reduced daily CH4 emissions from lactating dairy cows by 22.5%.
| S-EPMC8468840 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rice paddies are major contributors to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions via methane (CH4) flux. The accurate quantification of CH4 emissions from rice paddies remains problematic, in part due to uncertainties and omissions in the contribution of microbial aggregates on the soil surface to carbon fluxes. Herein, we comprehensively evaluated the contribution of one form of microbial aggregates, periphytic biofilm (PB), to carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4 emissions from paddies distributed across three climatic zones, and quantified the pathways that drive net CH4 production as well as CO2 fixation. We found that PB accounted for 7.1%-38.5% of CH4 emissions and 7.2%-12.7% of CO2 fixation in the rice paddies. During their growth phase, PB fixed CO2 and increased the redox potential, which promoted aerobic CH4 oxidation. During the decay phase, PB degradation reduced redox potential and increased soil organic carbon availability, which promoted methanogenic microbial community growth and metabolism and increased CH4 emissions. Overall, PB acted as a biotic converter of atmospheric CO2 to CH4, and aggravated carbon emissions by up to 2,318 kg CO2 equiv ha-1 season-1. Our results provide proof-of-concept evidence for the discrimination of the contributions of surface microbial aggregates (i.e., PB) from soil microbes, and a profound foundation for the estimation and simulation of carbon fluxes in a potential novel approach to the mitigation of CH4 emissions by manipulating PB growth.
| S-EPMC8672048 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study evaluated potential trade-offs between enteric methane (CH4) emissions and CH4 emissions from feces of dairy cows fed grass silage or partial replacement of grass silage with corn silage, both with and without supplementation of rapeseed oil. Measured data for eight dairy cows (two blocks) included in a production trial were analyzed. Dietary treatments were grass silage (GS), GS supplemented with rapeseed oil (GS-RSO), GS plus corn silage (GSCS), and GSCS supplemented with rapeseed oil (GSCS-RSO). Feces samples were collected after each period and incubated for nine weeks to estimate fecal CH4 emissions. Including RSO (0.5 kg/d) in the diet decreased dry matter intake (DMI) by 1.75 kg/d. Enteric CH4 emissions were reduced by inclusion of RSO in the diet (on average 473 vs. 607 L/d). In 9-week incubations, there was a trend for lower CH4 emissions from feces of cows fed diets supplemented with RSO (on average 3.45 L/kg DM) than cows with diets not supplemented with RSO (3.84 L/kg DM). Total CH4 emissions (enteric + feces, L/d) were significantly lower for the cows fed diets supplemented with RSO. Total fecal CH4 emissions were similar between treatments, indicating no trade-offs between enteric and fecal CH4 emissions.
| S-EPMC8148109 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coastal ecosystems can efficiently remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and are thus promoted for nature-based climate change mitigation. Natural methane (CH4) emissions from these ecosystems may counterbalance atmospheric CO2 uptake. Still, knowledge of mechanisms sustaining such CH4 emissions and their contribution to net radiative forcing remains scarce for globally prevalent macroalgae, mixed vegetation, and surrounding depositional sediment habitats. Here we show that these habitats emit CH4 in the range of 0.1 - 2.9 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 to the atmosphere, revealing in situ CH4 emissions from macroalgae that were sustained by divergent methanogenic archaea in anoxic microsites. Over an annual cycle, CO2-equivalent CH4 emissions offset 28 and 35% of the carbon sink capacity attributed to atmospheric CO2 uptake in the macroalgae and mixed vegetation habitats, respectively, and augment net CO2 release of unvegetated sediments by 57%. Accounting for CH4 alongside CO2 sea-air fluxes and identifying the mechanisms controlling these emissions is crucial to constrain the potential of coastal ecosystems as net atmospheric carbon sinks and develop informed climate mitigation strategies.
| S-EPMC9810657 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We estimate the potential reductions in methane and carbon dioxide emissions from several livestock and pasture management options in the mixed and rangeland-based production systems in the tropics. The impacts of adoption of improved pastures, intensifying ruminant diets, changes in land-use practices, and changing breeds of large ruminants on the production of methane and carbon dioxide are calculated for two levels of adoption: complete adoption, to estimate the upper limit to reductions in these greenhouse gases (GHGs), and optimistic but plausible adoption rates taken from the literature, where these exist. Results are expressed both in GHG per ton of livestock product and in Gt CO(2)-eq. We estimate that the maximum mitigation potential of these options in the land-based livestock systems in the tropics amounts to approximately 7% of the global agricultural mitigation potential to 2030. Using historical adoption rates from the literature, the plausible mitigation potential of these options could contribute approximately 4% of global agricultural GHG mitigation. This could be worth on the order of $1.3 billion per year at a price of $20 per t CO(2)-eq. The household-level and sociocultural impacts of some of these options warrant further study, however, because livestock have multiple roles in tropical systems that often go far beyond their productive utility.
| S-EPMC2993410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Analysis of volatile organic chemicals in breath holds promise for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients, but investigation of this in experimental mouse models has been limited. Of particular interest is endogenous production of carbon monoxide as a biomarker of inflammation and, more particularly, during sepsis. METHODS:Using a nose-only collection procedure for unanesthetized individual adult mice and sensitive gas chromatography of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of sampled breath, we investigated the responses of mice to one-time injections with different doses of purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Two strains of mice were examined: BALB/c and C3H, including an endotoxin-resistant mutant (HeJ) as well as the wild type (HOuJ). RESULTS:The CO to CO2 ratio increased in a dose-responsive manner within hours in treated BALC/c mice but not control mice. The CO/CO2 values declined to the range of control mice within 48-72 h after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. Breath CO/CO2 values correlated with systemic inflammation biomarkers in serum and heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in blood. C3H/HOuJ mice, but not the HeJ mice, had similar increases of the CO/CO2 ratio in response to the endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS:Carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaled breath of at least 2 strains of mice increase in response to single injections of endotoxin. The magnitude of increase was similar to what was observed with a bacteremia model. These findings with an experimental model provide a rationale for further studies of normalized CO concentrations in human breath as an informative biomarker for staging and monitoring of sepsis.
| S-EPMC4281777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Global stream and river greenhouse gas emissions seem to be as large as the oceanic C uptake. However, stream and river emissions are uncertain until both spatial and temporal variability have been quantified. Here we investigated in detail the stream CH4 and CO2 emissions within a hemiboreal catchment in Southwest Sweden primarily covered by coniferous forest. Gas transfer velocities (k600), CH4 and CO2 concentrations were measured with multiple methods. Our data supported modelling approaches accounting for various stream slopes, water velocities and discharge. The results revealed large but partially predictable spatio-temporal variabilities in k600, dissolved gas concentrations, and emissions. The variability in CO2 emission was best explained by the variability in k, while dissolved CH4 concentrations explained most of the variability in CH4 emission, having implications for future measurements. There were disproportionately large emissions from high slope stream reaches including waterfalls, and from high discharge events. In the catchment, stream reaches with low slope and time periods of moderate discharge dominated (90% of area and 69% of time). Measurements in these stream areas and time periods only accounted for <36% of the total estimated emissions. Hence, not accounting for local or episodic high emissions can lead to substantially underestimated emissions.
| S-EPMC5206626 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePortable laser methane detectors (LMDs) may be an economical means of estimating CH4 emissions from ruminants. We validated an LMD-based approach and then used that approach to evaluate CH4 emissions from indigenous dairy cows in a dryland area of Ethiopia.MethodsFirst, we validated our LMD-based approach in Simmental crossbred beef cattle (n = 2) housed in respiration chambers and fed either a high- or low-concentrate diet. From the results of the validation, we constructed an estimation equation to determine CH4 emissions from LMD CH4 concentrations. Next, we used our validated LMD approach to examine CH4 emissions in Fogera dairy cows grazed for 8 h/d (GG, n = 4), fed indoors on natural-grassland hay (CG1, n = 4), or fed indoors on Napier-grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay (CG2, n = 4). All the cows were supplemented with concentrate feed.ResultsThe exhaled CH4 concentrations measured by LMD were linearly correlated with the CH4 emissions determined by infrared-absorption-based gas analyzer (r2 = 0.55). The estimation equation used to determine CH4 emissions (y, mg/min) from LMD CH4 concentrations (x, ppm m) was y = 0.4259x+38.61. Daily CH4 emissions of Fogera cows estimated by using the equation did not differ among the three groups; however, a numerically greater milk yield was obtained from the CG2 cows than from the GG cows, suggesting that Napiergrass hay might be better than natural-grassland hay for indoor feeding. The CG1 cows had higher CH4 emissions per feed intake than the other groups, without significant increases in milk yield and body-weight gain, suggesting that natural-grassland hay cannot be recommended for indoor-fed cows.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the potential of using LMDs to valuate feeding regimens rapidly and economically for dairy cows in areas under financial constraint, while taking CH4 emissions into consideration.
| S-EPMC8255885 | biostudies-literature