Six months SARS-CoV-2 serology in a cohort of mRNA vaccinated subjects over 90 years old.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tomaiuolo R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9298708 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The knowledge about short-term outcomes of nonagenarians undergoing surgery for hip fracture in Asian is limited.The patients with hip fractures who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty and open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) for management during the period from 2008 to 2012 were identified and their medical record was retrospectively reviewed.During the study period, a total of 101 patients underwent surgery for management of hip fractures, and the age of patients ranged from 90 to 96 years. The sites of hip fracture were intertrochanteric (n = 57, 56.4%) and the neck of the femur (n = 44, 43.6%). Most of the patients had American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of 3(n = 55) or 4 (in 44 patients). 80.2% (n = 81) underwent the operation within one day after admission; however, there were 13 patients (12.9%) that underwent surgery 48 or more hours later. ORIF and hemiarthroplasty were performed for 63 (62.4%) and 38 (37.6%) patients, respectively. Overall, the 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 9.9% (10/101) and 17.3% (13/75), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the 30-day mortality was significantly associated only with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Odds ratio, 11.13, 95% confidence interval, 1.275-97.881, P = .029).The short-term outcome of surgical management for Asian nonagenarians with hip fractures is favorable in selected patients.
| S-EPMC4433122 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background and aimsVaccines, to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection, were produced and reliable assays are needed for their evaluation. The WHO produced an International-Standard (WHO-IS) to facilitate the standardization/comparison of serological methods. The WHO-IS, produced in limited amount, was never tested for reproducibility. This study aims at developing a reproducible and accessible working standard (WS) to complement the WHO-IS.Materials and methodsSera from vaccinated individuals were used to produce the WSs. The WHO-IS, the WSs and single serum samples (n = 48) were tested on 6 quantitative serological devices. Neutralization assays were performed for the 48 samples and compared with their antibody titers.ResultsThe WS carry an antibody titer 20-fold higher than the WHO-IS. It was reproducible, showed both good linearity and insignificant intra- and inter-laboratory variability. However, the WSs behave differently from the WHO-IS. Analysis of the 48 samples showed that single correlation factors are not sufficient to harmonize results from different assays. Yet, all the devices predict neutralization activity based on the antibody titer.ConclusionsA reproducible and highly concentrated WS, specific for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 Spike-glycoprotein was produced. Such characteristics make it particularly suited for the harmonization of commercially available assays and the consequent evaluation of post-vaccinated individuals.
| S-EPMC8378065 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo quantify PUFA-associated improvement in linear growth among children aged 6-10 years.DesignSerum fatty acids (FA), including essential FA (EFA) (linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) were quantified at baseline using GC-MS technology. FA totals by class (n-3, n-6, n-9, PUFA and SFA) and FA ratios were calculated. Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) relative to WHO population reference values were calculated longitudinally at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Linear regression models estimated PUFA, HIV status and their interaction-associated standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI in HAZ over 12 months.SettingCommunity controls and children connected to community health centre in Kampala, Uganda, were enrolled.ParticipantsChildren perinatally HIV-infected (CPHIV, n 82), or HIV-exposed but uninfected (CHEU, n 76) and community controls (n 78).ResultsRelative to highest FA levels, low SFA (SMD = 0·31, 95 % CI: 0·03, 0·60), low Mead acid (SMD = 0·38, 95 % CI: 0·02, 0·74), low total n-9 (SMD = 0·44, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·80) and low triene-to-tetraene ratio (SMD = 0·42, 95 % CI: 0·07, 0·77) predicted superior growth over 12 months. Conversely, low LA (SMD = -0·47, 95 % CI: -0·82, -0·12) and low total PUFA (sum of total n-3, total n-6 and Mead acid) (SMD = -0·33 to -0·39, 95 % CI: -0·71, -0·01) predicted growth deficit over 12 months follow-up, regardless of HIV status.ConclusionLow n-3 FA (ALA, EPA and n-3 index) predicted growth deficits among community controls. EFA sufficiency may improve stature in school-aged children regardless of HIV status. Evaluating efficacy of diets low in total SFA, sufficient in EFA and enriched in n-3 FA for improving child growth is warranted.
| S-EPMC9991724 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As activity space measures are increasingly used to estimate exposure to environmental determinants of health, little is known about the stability of these measures over time. To test the stability of GPS-derived measures of activity-space footprint, size, and environmental features over time, we compared 14-day measures at baseline and six months later for 35 adults in a large city. Activity-space measures were based on convex hulls and 500 m route buffers, and included the geographic footprint (i.e. location of the activity space), size (i.e., area in square miles; (Cummins, 2007)), and environmental features including supermarket, fast-food restaurant, and parkland density. The proportion of the participants' smaller geographic footprint covered by the larger was, on average, 0.64 (SD 0.17) for the 500 m route buffer and 0.84 (SD 0.18) for the convex hull. Mean percent change in activity space size ranged from 36.3% (mean daily 500 m route buffer) to 221.3% (cumulative convex hull). Mean percent change in the density of environmental features ranged from 28.8 to 66.5%. Forty-one percent to 92.4% of the variance at one timepoint was predicted by environmental features measured within approximately six months. Activity-space size and environmental features were moderately to highly stable over six months, although there was considerable variation in stability between measures. Strategies for addressing measurement error in studies of activity space-health associations are discussed.
| S-EPMC6880307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe burden of dementia, multimorbidity, and disability is high in the oldest old. However, the contribution of dementia and comorbidities to functional ability in this age group remains unclear. We examined the combined effects of dementia and comorbidities on ADL and mobility disability and differences between dementia-related disability between 2001, 2010, and 2018.MethodsOur data came from three repeated cross-sectional surveys in the population aged 90 + in the Finnish Vitality 90 + Study. The associations of dementia with disability and the combined effects of dementia and comorbidity on disability adjusted for age, gender, occupational class, number of chronic conditions, and study year were determined by generalized estimating equations. An interaction term was calculated to assess differences in the effects of dementia on disability over time.ResultsIn people with dementia, the odds of ADL disability were almost five-fold compared to people with three other diseases but no dementia. Among those with dementia, comorbidities did not increase ADL disability but did increase mobility disability. Differences in disability between people with and without dementia were greater in 2010 and 2018 than in 2001.ConclusionWe found a widening gap in disability between people with and without dementia over time as functional ability improved mainly in people without dementia. Dementia was the main driver of disability and among those with dementia, comorbidities were associated with mobility disability but not with ADL disability. These results imply the need for strategies to maintain functioning and for clinical updates, rehabilitative services, care planning, and capacity building among care providers.
| S-EPMC10163713 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFew studies have examined the effectiveness of full versus partial vaccination with inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (IIV3) as defined by the US CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.MethodsRespiratory swabs were collected from outpatients aged 6 months to 8 years with acute cough for ≤7 days in clinics in 5 states during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 influenza seasons. Influenza was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Receipt of current season IIV3 and up to 4 prior vaccinations was documented from medical records and immunization registries. Using a test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, medical conditions, study site and month of enrollment.ResultsWe did not observe higher VE for children fully versus partially vaccinated with IIV3, as defined by US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice, although our sample of partially vaccinated children was relatively small. However, among children aged 2-8 years in both seasons and against A(H3N2) and B influenza illness separately, VE point estimates were consistently higher for children who had received 2 doses in the same prior season compared with those without (VE range of 58%-80% vs. 33%-44%, respectively). Across seasons, the odds of A(H3N2) illness despite IIV3 vaccination were 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.4-4.3) higher among children who had not received 2 doses in the same prior season. We also noted residual protection among unvaccinated children who were vaccinated the previous season (VE range = 36%-40% across outcomes).ConclusionVaccination with IIV3 may provide preventive benefit in subsequent seasons, including possible residual protection if vaccination is missed. Two vaccine doses in the same season may be more effective than alternative priming strategies.
| S-EPMC5218633 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coral reefs are under increasing stress from local and global factors. Long-term perspectives are becoming increasingly important for understanding ecosystem responses. Here, we provide insights from a 91-year study of the Low Isles on the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) that begins with the pioneering Great Barrier Reef Expedition (1928-29). We show that intertidal communities have experienced major phase-shifts since 1928, with few signs of a return to the initial state. Coral communities demolished by cyclones 50 years ago and exposed to multiple stressors have yet to recover. Richness and diversity of these communities systematically declined for corals and other invertebrates. Specifically, massive corals have replaced branching corals, and soft corals have become much more numerous. The long-term perspective of this study illustrates the importance of considering multiple factors in reef decline, and potential recovery, of coral reefs, and the importance of tracking changes in community structure as well as coral abundance over long periods.
| S-EPMC6765017 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acquisition of mutans streptococci has been reported to most commonly occur at approximately 26 months of age. In the present study, we detected Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in children, then re-examined the subjects to determine the time of acquisition of these bacteria over a 1-year period. The subjects were 57 children ranging in age from 3 to 5 years old, each with primary dentition. Plaque samples were collected from all erupted tooth sites using a sterile toothbrush. PCR assays were performed to detect the targeted mutans streptococci at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after 1 year. At the baseline examination, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 61.4% and 54.4%, respectively, in all subjects, of whom 14 (24.6%) were positive for S. mutans alone, 10 (17.5%) for S. sobrinus alone, and 21 (36.8%) for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus, with 12 (21.1%) negative for both. After 1 year, 4 of 22 (18.2%) subjects newly had acquired S. mutans and 15 of 26 (57.7%) had aquired S. sobrinus, while 5 (8.8%) remained negative for both bacteria. The age of the first positive S. mutans finding ranged from 49 to 71 months, while that for S. sobrinus ranged from 49 to 81 months old. Our results suggest that S. sobrinus becomes established later than S. mutans in the oral cavities of children over the age of 3 years old.
| S-EPMC2836819 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims:Whether neck circumference (NC) could be used as a valuable tool for identifying metabolic syndrome (MS) by different criteria in Chinese is still unclear. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October 2010 to January 2011 in Shipai community, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. A total of 1473 subjects aged over 50 years were investigated. We measured height, weight, NC, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids in all subjects. MS was identified by criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results:Mean NC was 38.0?±?2.7?cm in men and 34.2?±?2.5?cm in women. By using receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve (AUC) of NC for identifying MS (IDF) was 0.823 in men and 0.777 in women, while for identifying MS (CDS), it was 0.788 in men and 0.762 in women. The AUC of NC for diagnosing MS (ATP III) was 0.776 in men and 0.752 in women. The optimal cut points of NC for MS were 38.5?cm by three definitions in men, while those were 34.2?cm, 33.4?cm, and 34.0?cm in women by IDF, ATP III, and CDS definitions, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the AUC of NC and BMI for diagnosing MS by using different criteria (all p > 0.05). Conclusions:NC is associated with MS by different definitions in Chinese subjects over 50 years old. It may be a useful tool to identify MS in a community population.
| S-EPMC5925132 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Prospective validation of risk models is needed to assess their clinical utility, particularly over the longer term. We evaluated the performance of six commonly used breast cancer risk models (IBIS, BOADICEA, BRCAPRO, BRCAPRO-BCRAT, BCRAT, and iCARE-lit). 15-year risk scores were estimated using lifestyle factors and family history measures from 7608 women in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who were aged 50-65 years and unaffected at commencement of follow-up two (conducted in 2003-2007), of whom 351 subsequently developed breast cancer. Risk discrimination was assessed using the C-statistic and calibration using the expected/observed number of incident cases across the spectrum of risk by age group (50-54, 55-59, 60-65 years) and family history of breast cancer. C-statistics were higher for BOADICEA (0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.62) and IBIS (0.57, 95% CI 0.54-0.61) than the other models (p-difference ≤ 0.04). No model except BOADICEA calibrated well across the spectrum of 15-year risk (p-value < 0.03). The performance of BOADICEA and IBIS was similar across age groups and for women with or without a family history. For middle-aged Australian women, BOADICEA and IBIS had the highest discriminatory accuracy of the six risk models, but apart from BOADICEA, no model was well-calibrated across the risk spectrum.
| S-EPMC8534072 | biostudies-literature