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Adenophora Stricta Root Extract Protects Lung Injury from Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5 in Mice.

ABSTRACT: Chronic exposure of particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) has been considered as one of the major etiologies for various respiratory diseases. Adenophora stricta Miq. is a medicinal herb that has been used for treating respiratory diseases in East Asia. The present study investigated the effect of A. stricta root extract (AsE) on PM_2.5-induced lung injury in mice. Oral administration of 100-400 mg/kg AsE for 10 days significantly reduced the PM_2.5-mediated increase in relative lung weight, but there was no difference in body weight with AsE administration. In addition, AsE dose-dependently decreased congested region of the lung tissue, prevented apoptosis and matrix degradation, and alleviated mucus stasis induced by PM_2.5. Moreover, cytological analysis of bronchioalveolar lavage fluid revealed that AsE significantly inhibited the infiltration of immune cells into the lungs. Consistently, AsE also decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue. Furthermore, AsE administration blocked reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation through attenuating the PM_2.5-dependent reduction of antioxidant defense system in the lungs. Therefore, A. stricta root would be a promising candidate for protecting lung tissue from air pollution such as PM_2.5.

SUBMITTER: Park SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9312037 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Air pollution exposure, especially particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), is associated with poorer kidney function in adults and children. Perinatal exposure may occur during susceptible periods of nephron development. We used distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) to examine time-varying associations between early life daily PM2.5 exposure (periconceptional through age 8 years) and kidney parameters in preadolescent children aged 8-10 years. Participants included 427 mother-child dyads enrolled in the PROGRESS birth cohort study based in Mexico City. Daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated at each participant's residence using a validated satellite-based spatio-temporal model. Kidney function parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum cystatin C, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Models were adjusted for child's age, sex and body mass index (BMI) z-score, as well as maternal education, indoor smoking report and seasonality (prenatal models were additionally adjusted for average first year of life PM2.5 exposure). We also tested for sex-specific effects. Average perinatal PM2.5 was 22.7 μg/m3 and ranged 16.4-29.3 μg/m3. Early pregnancy PM2.5 exposures were associated with higher eGFR in preadolescence. Specifically, we found that PM2.5 exposure between weeks 1-18 of gestation was associated with increased preadolescent eGFR, whereas exposure in the first 14 months of life after birth were associated with decreased eGFR. Specifically, a 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during the detected prenatal window was associated with a cumulative increase in eGFR of 4.44 mL/min/1.732 (95%CI: 1.37, 7.52), and during the postnatal window we report a cumulative eGFR decrease of -10.36 mL/min/1.732 (95%CI: -17.68, -3.04). We identified perinatal windows of susceptibility to PM2.5 exposure with preadolescent kidney function parameters. Follow-up investigating PM2.5 exposure with peripubertal kidney function trajectories and risk of kidney disease in adulthood will be critical.

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Adenophora Stricta Root Extract Protects Lung Injury from Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5 in Mice.

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