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Novel Thienyl DPP derivatives Functionalized with Terminal Electron-Acceptor Groups: Synthesis, Optical Properties and OFET Performance.

ABSTRACT: Three novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based small molecules have been synthesized and characterized in terms of their chemical-physical, electrochemical and electrical properties. All the molecules consist of a central DPP electron acceptor core symmetrically functionalized with donor bi-thienyl moieties and flanked in the terminal positions by three different auxiliary electron-acceptor groups. This kind of molecular structure, characterized by an alternation of electron acceptor and donor groups, was purposely designed to provide a significant absorption at the longer wavelengths of the visible spectrum: when analysed as thin films, in fact, the dyes absorb well over 800 nm and exhibit a narrow optical bandgap down to 1.28 eV. A detailed DFT analysis provides useful information on the electronic structure of the dyes and on the features of the main optical transitions. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have been fabricated by depositing the DPP dyes as active layers from solution: the different end-functionalization of the dyes had an effect on the charge-transport properties with two of the dyes acting as n-type semiconductors (electron mobility up to 4.4 ⋅ 10^-2 cm² /V ⋅ s) and the third one as a p-type semiconductor (hole mobility up to 2.3 ⋅ 10^-3 cm² /V ⋅ s). Interestingly, well-balanced ambipolar transistors were achieved by blending the most performant n-type and p-type dyes with hole and electron mobility in the order of 10^-3 cm² /V ⋅ s.

SUBMITTER: Fusco S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9314809 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Microbially-mediated uranium bioremediation has been demonstrated in uranium contaminated aquifers when acetate was artificially supplied and growth of the natural population of Geobacteraceae was stimulated. In order to mimic the environmental response to acetate, steady-state cells of G. sulfureducens were cultured in chemostats under conditions of either 1) acetate as the sole electron donor and limiting factor and fumarate as the sole electron acceptor or 2) acetate was supplied in excess with fumarate as sole electron acceptor and limiting factor. In silico fluxome modeling and transcriptome analysis were used as tools for investigating the cell response to the acetate availability. For global gene expression profiling, a DNA microarray of the complete G. sulfurreducens genome was used. Statistically significant results were obtained from two-color, dye swap hybridizations produced from a total of three biological replicates. Eight technical replicates were tested from two of the biological replicates and six technical replicates were tested from the third biological replicate. Major findings from this study are given as follows. The in silico model successfully predicted a higher TCA-cycle flux (ca. 2-fold) under acetate-excess conditions, suggesting that catabolism of acetate is favored with respect to anabolism, and thus more electrons are available for metal reduction. Transcriptome analyses offered a comprehensive picture of the regulation points subjected to the acetate availability. Under acetate-excess conditions, acetate transporters in the G. sulfurreducens genome were down-regulated. In addition the oxidation-related acetyl-CoA transferase was up-regulated approximately three-fold and the assimilatory-related acetate kinase was down-regulated approximately two-fold, respectively, indicating that the transcriptional regulation of acetate activation may be the key point for coping with the excess of acetate and increasing the TCA flux. The level of transcription for 10 c-type cytochromes was significantly increased in cells cultured with an excess of acetate. OmcS, an outer-membrane cytochrome which actively participates in electron transfer to Fe(III)-oxides and graphite electrodes from fuel cells, showed one of the highest fold increases in transcription. The integration of in silico modeling and genome-wide analysis shows for first time how G. sulffureducens adapts its metabolic flux and transcriptional network for optimizing the use of acetate as an electron donor for exocellular respiration instead of for use as a carbon source for biomass production. Keywords: Geobacter, gene expression, acetate limitation, fumarate limitation

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Novel Thienyl DPP derivatives Functionalized with Terminal Electron-Acceptor Groups: Synthesis, Optical Properties and OFET Performance.

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