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Overview of Transcriptomic Research on Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Perspectives.

ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic disease whose etiology is known to have a strong genetic component. Standard genetic approaches, although allowing for the detection of a number of gene variants associated with the disease as well as differentially expressed genes, cannot fully explain the hereditary factor in T2D. The explosive growth in the genomic sequencing technologies over the last decades provided an exceptional impetus for transcriptomic studies and new approaches to gene expression measurement, such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell technologies. The transcriptomic analysis has the potential to find new biomarkers to identify risk groups for developing T2D and its microvascular and macrovascular complications, which will significantly affect the strategies for early diagnosis, treatment, and preventing the development of complications. In this article, we focused on transcriptomic studies conducted using expression arrays, RNA-seq, and single-cell sequencing to highlight recent findings related to T2D and challenges associated with transcriptome experiments.

SUBMITTER: Tonyan ZN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9319211 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overview of Transcriptomic Research on Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Perspectives.

Tonyan Ziravard N ZN Nasykhova Yulia A YA Danilova Maria M MM Barbitoff Yury A YA Changalidi Anton I AI Mikhailova Anastasiia A AA Glotov Andrey S AS

Genes 20220630 7

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic disease whose etiology is known to have a strong genetic component. Standard genetic approaches, although allowing for the detection of a number of gene variants associated with the disease as well as differentially expressed genes, cannot fully explain the hereditary factor in T2D. The explosive growth in the genomic sequencing technologies over the last decades provided an exceptional impetus for transcriptomic studies and new approaches to gene expres ...[more]

PMID: 35885959

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Project description:Funding agencies and researchers increasingly recognize the importance of patient stakeholder engagement in research. Despite calls for greater patient engagement, few studies have engaged a broad-based online community of patient stakeholders in the early stages of the research development process.The objective of our study was to inform a research priority-setting agenda by using a Web-based survey to gather perceptions of important and difficult aspects of diabetes care from patient members of a social networking site-based community.Invitations to participate in a Web-based survey were sent by email to members of the PatientsLikeMe online diabetes community. The survey asked both quantitative and qualitative questions addressing individuals' level of difficulty with diabetes care, provider communication, medication management, diet and exercise, and relationships with others. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis.Of 6219 PatientsLikeMe members with diabetes who were sent survey invitations, 1044 (16.79%) opened the invitation and 320 (5.15% of 6219; 30.65% of 1044) completed the survey within 23 days. Of the 320 respondents, 33 (10.3%) reported having Type 1 diabetes; 107 (33.4%), Type 2 diabetes and taking insulin; and 180 (56.3%), Type 2 diabetes and taking oral agents or controlling their diabetes with lifestyle modifications. Compared to 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for individuals with diabetes, our respondents were younger (mean age 55.8 years, SD 9.9 vs 59.4 years, SE 0.5); less likely to be male (111/320, 34.6% vs 48.4%); and less likely to be a racial or ethnic minority (40/312, 12.8% vs 37.5%). Of 29 potential challenges in diabetes care, 19 were categorized as difficult by 20% or more of respondents. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicated that top patient challenges were lifestyle concerns (diet, physical activity, weight, and stress) and interpersonal concerns (trying not to be a burden to others, getting support from family/friends). In our quantitative analysis, similar concerns were expressed across patient subgroups.Lifestyle and interpersonal factors were particularly challenging for our online sample of adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Our study demonstrates the innovative use of social networking sites and online communities to gather rapid, meaningful, and relevant patient perspectives that can be used to inform the development of research agendas.

Project description:ObjectiveCurrent studies lack a comprehensive understanding of the environmental factors influencing type 2 diabetes, hindering an in-depth grasp of the overall etiology. To address this gap, we utilized network science tools to highlight research trends, knowledge structures, and intricate relationships among factors, offering a new perspective for a profound understanding of the etiology.MethodsThe Web of Science database was employed to retrieve documents relevant to environmental risk factors in type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2024. Bibliometric analysis using Microsoft Excel and OriginPro provided a detailed scientific production profile, including articles, journals, countries, and authors. Co-occurrence analysis was employed to determine the collaboration state and knowledge structures, utilizing social network tools such as Gephi, Tableau, and R Studio. Additionally, theme evolutionary analysis was conducted using SciMAT to offer insights into research trends.ResultsThe publications and themes related to environmental factors in type 2 diabetes have consistently risen, shaping a well-established research domain. Lifestyle environmental factors, particularly diet and nutrition, stand out as the most represented and rapidly growing topics. Key focal hotspots include sedentary and digital behavior, PM2.5, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, traffic and greenspace, and depression. The theme evolutionary analysis revealed three distinct paths: (1) oxidative stress-air pollutants-PM2.5-air pollutants; (2) calcium-metabolic syndrome-cardiovascular disease; and (3) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-persistent organic pollutants (POPs)-obesity.ConclusionsDigital behavior signifies a novel approach for preventing and managing type 2 diabetes. The influence of PM2.5 and calcium on oxidative stress and abnormal vascular contraction is intricately linked to microvascular diabetes complications. The transition from PCBs and POPs to obesity underscores the disruption of endocrine function by chemicals, elevating the risk of diabetes. Future studies should explore the connections between environmental factors, microvascular complications, and long-term outcomes in diabetes.

Project description:IntroductionRadiography is a crucial healthcare specialty that requires ongoing research to advance imaging technologies and techniques. Despite this, radiographers are faced with obstacles such as time constraints, lack of resources, and the need for training on new technologies, which can discourage their research involvement. This study aims to provide a more representative understanding of the radiography research culture in Saudi Arabia, building upon previous studies.MethodsFollowing the approval of an ethics committee at Taibah University (2024/173/302 DRD), a cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2024 among registered radiographers in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms using a snowball sampling strategy to reach a diverse group of radiographers across different regions and institutions. Participants provided informed consent before completing the questionnaire. The questionnaire, originally in English, was translated into Arabic and validated by two bilingual academics. It included sections on demographics, previous research experience, barriers to research involvement, factors encouraging research engagement, and self-assessment of research competencies. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 105 radiographers participated in the study, with 41% having prior research involvement. Among those engaged, the most common activity was data collection (65%), followed by preparation of scientific articles (49%). Challenges such as the lack of a research-focused culture (48%), insufficient awareness of opportunities (36%), and time constraints (34%) were prominent barriers to research participation. Encouraging factors included the need for research training (63%), support from research groups (51%), and allocated research time (50%). Respondents assessed their research skills, with confidence varied across skills, with 50% feeling capable of initiating research and 51% of participating, yet a significant proportion expressed uncertainties, especially in statistical knowledge and research methodology.ConclusionMost of the surveyed radiographers did not engage in research. However, there is a substantial interest in enhancing research involvement, with training, collaborative groups, and organizational support identified as key factors encouraging participation. The findings suggest that addressing these barriers can foster a more robust research culture, leading to improved diagnostic practices.

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Overview of Transcriptomic Research on Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Perspectives.

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Overview of Transcriptomic Research on Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Perspectives.

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