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Comparative Study of Three Dyes’ Adsorption onto Activated Carbon from Chenopodium quinoa Willd and Quillaja saponaria

ABSTRACT: The present study shows porous activated carbon obtained from Chenopodium quinoa Willd and Quillaja saponaria and their use as potential adsorbents to remove three types of dyes from aqueous solutions. The adsorption results were compared with commercial charcoal to check their efficiency. All porous carbon materials were activated using carbon dioxide and steam and fully characterized. Moreover, the steam-activated samples exhibited a high total pore volume with a BET surface area of around 800 m2 g−1. Batch adsorption experiments showed that commercial charcoal is the charcoal that offered the best adsorption efficiency for tartrazine and sunset yellow FCF. However, in the case of crystal violet, all activated carbons obtained from Chenopodium quinoa Willd and Quillaja saponaria showed the best captures, outperforming commercial charcoal. Molecular dockings of the dyes on the commercial charcoal surface were performed using AutoDock Vina. The kinetic results of the three isotherm’s models for the present data follow the order: Langmuir~Freundlich > Temkin.

SUBMITTER: Abril D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9321238 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Insight into Saponins from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): A Review.

Project description:Saponins are an important group found in Chenopodium quinoa. They represent an obstacle for the use of quinoa as food for humans and animal feeds because of their bitter taste and toxic effects, which necessitates their elimination. Several saponins elimination methods have been examined to leach the saponins from the quinoa seeds; the wet technique remains the most used at both laboratory and industrial levels. Dry methods (heat treatment, extrusion, roasting, or mechanical abrasion) and genetic methods have also been evaluated. The extraction of quinoa saponins can be carried out by several methods; conventional technologies such as maceration and Soxhlet are the most utilized methods. However, recent research has focused on technologies to improve the efficiency of extraction. At least 40 saponin structures from quinoa have been isolated in the past 30 years, the derived molecular entities essentially being phytolaccagenic, oleanolic and serjanic acids, hederagenin, 3?,23,30 trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3?-hydroxy-27-oxo-olean-12en-28-oic acid, and 3?,23,30 trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid. These metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as molluscicidal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties.

| S-EPMC7179108 | biostudies-literature

Effects of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Consumption on Markers of CVD Risk.

Project description:A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in whole grains are linked to lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. Quinoa, a pseudo-cereal, is included in the “whole grain” category but the effects of quinoa consumption in humans is not widely studied. Our aim was to undertake a dietary intervention study to investigate the effects of daily consumption of quinoa-enriched bread (providing 20 g quinoa flour) on CVD risk markers compared with a 100% refined wheat bread control. Thirty-seven healthy overweight men (35?70 years, body mass index >25 kg/m²) completed a 4-week cross-over intervention, separated by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each intervention period. Continuous glucose monitoring was undertaken at the end of each intervention period. After 4 weeks of intervention, blood glucose and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly lower than baseline in both groups but there was no difference between quinoa and control. Anthropometric measures and other blood metabolites were not different between the two treatments. The cumulative area under the blood glucose curve for the last 4 days of the quinoa intervention tended to be lower than the first 4 days of wash-out (p = 0.054), and was significantly lower than the corresponding period of the wheat treatment (p = 0.039). In conclusion, daily consumption of quinoa in this short-term intervention appears to modify glucose response, but has minimal effects on other CVD risk biomarkers.

| S-EPMC6024323 | biostudies-literature

Physiological effects of short acute UVB treatments in Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

Project description:Increased ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation due to global change can affect plant growth and metabolism. Here, we evaluated the capacity of quinoa to resist under short acute UVB irradiation. Quinoa was daily exposed for 30 or 60?min to 1.69?W m-2 UVB. The results showed that 30?min exposure in 9 d-course did not cause severe alterations on photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids, but a significant increase of antioxidant capacity was observed. Otherwise, 60?min UVB in 5 d-course reduced almost all these parameters except for an increase in the de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle pigments and led to the death of the plants. Further studies of gas exchange and fluorescence measurements showed that 30?min UVB dramatically decrease stomatal conductance, probably associated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport was also observed, which could be a response to reduce ROS. Otherwise, irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus was found with 60?min UVB probably due to severe ROS overproduction that decompensates the redox balance inducing UVB non-specific signaling. Moreover, 60?min UVB compromised Rubisco carboxylase activity and photosynthetic electron transport. Overall, these data suggest that quinoa modulates different response mechanisms depending on the UVB irradiation dosage.

| S-EPMC5762895 | biostudies-other

Functional properties and adipogenesis inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

Project description:The functional properties and adipogenesis inhibitory activity of quinoa protein hydrolysates, prepared using papain, pepsin, and pancreatin for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, were studied. For these three kinds of proteases, the solubility of the hydrolysates significantly increased with the increasing DH in pH range of 3-8, while the EAI and ESI of these hydrolysates significantly decreased during hydrolysis. The anti-inflammatory activity of these protein hydrolysates was measured. All of these protein hydrolysates showed high anti-inflammatory activity. However, there was no significant difference in anti-inflammatory activity between protein hydrolysates and total protein from quinoa. These protein hydrolysates also inhibited lipid accumulation during differentiation within the range of concentrations of 0-1,600 ?g/ml, which exerted no cytotoxicity toward 3T3-L1 cells. The protein hydrolysates from quinoa prepared using pepsin for 120 min (PEP-120) had the highest activity with an IC50 value of 786.58 ?g/ml. Moreover, LC-MS/MS analysis of PEP-120 showed that five main bioactive peptides, which have been demonstrated to have ACE inhibitor, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities, were present in PEP-120. In addition, gene expression and Western blot analysis revealed that PEP-120 suppressed the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) pathway.

| S-EPMC6593480 | biostudies-literature

Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes provide insights into the evolutionary origins of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

Project description:Quinoa has recently gained international attention because of its nutritious seeds, prompting the expansion of its cultivation into new areas in which it was not originally selected as a crop. Improving quinoa production in these areas will benefit from the introduction of advantageous traits from free-living relatives that are native to these, or similar, environments. As part of an ongoing effort to characterize the primary and secondary germplasm pools for quinoa, we report the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genome sequences of quinoa accession PI 614886 and the identification of sequence variants in additional accessions from quinoa and related species. This is the first reported mitochondrial genome assembly in the genus Chenopodium. Inference of phylogenetic relationships among Chenopodium species based on mitochondrial and chloroplast variants supports the hypotheses that 1) the A-genome ancestor was the cytoplasmic donor in the original tetraploidization event, and 2) highland and coastal quinoas were independently domesticated.

| S-EPMC6336861 | biostudies-literature

Innovations in Health Value and Functional Food Development of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

Project description:Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Amaranthaceae) is a grain-like, stress-tolerant food crop that has provided subsistence, nutrition, and medicine for Andean indigenous cultures for thousands of years. Quinoa contains a high content of health-beneficial phytochemicals, including amino acids, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids, phenolics, betalains, and glycine betaine. Over the past 2 decades, numerous food and nutraceutical products and processes have been developed from quinoa. Furthermore, 4 clinical studies have demonstrated that quinoa supplementation exerts significant, positive effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health in humans. However, vast challenges and opportunities remain within the scientific, agricultural, and development sectors to optimize quinoa's role in the promotion of global human health and nutrition.

| S-EPMC4957693 | biostudies-literature

Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities and Growth Response of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) to Exogenous Selenium Application.

Project description:Selenium is a trace element essential to many organisms, including higher plants. At low concentrations, it enhances growth and development; however, it is toxic at high concentrations. The development of crops with proper levels of selenium will be worth for both nutrition and Se-based therapeutics. This study aimed to investigate the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the quinoa plant to 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L of Na2SeO3·5H2O. Selenium at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 mg/L), quinoa plant showed a significant increase of growth parameters, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble sugars, and antioxidant enzymes activities as (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)), and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were reduced. However, high concentrations (10 and 20) mg/L caused a decrease in plant growth parameters, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigments. In contrast, excess selenium increased the oxidative stress monitored by hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels. The enzymatic antioxidant system responded to the selenium supply significantly increased. Osmolytes compounds, such as total sugars and proline, increased in selenium-treated plants. The increase in these osmolytes compounds may show a defense mechanism for the osmotic readjustment of quinoa plants to mitigate the toxicity caused by selenium. This study shows the morphological and physiological responses that must be considered for success in the sustainable cultivation of quinoa plants in environments containing excess selenium.

| S-EPMC8068041 | biostudies-literature

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effect of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE).

Project description:Quinoa is widely noted for its nutritional value. The seed is the main edible part of the plant and exists in at least three different colors: white, red and black. This study utilized a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the extraction of phytochemicals from quinoa. Chemical fingerprints with LC/UV and LC/MS using a targeted approach and pattern recognition tools were used to evaluate the quinoa extracts. The antioxidant properties for various types of quinoa were evaluated using DPPH assay, ABTS assay and the cytoprotective effect of quinoa extracts were investigated in HMEC-1 cell line. Distinctive chemical profiles obtained from black and red quinoa were well correlated with the antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effects. The combination of PHWE, chemical standardization with LC/UV and LC/MS, pattern recognition tools and biological assay provided an approach for the evaluation and eventual production of quinoa extracts for functional food.

| S-EPMC7697190 | biostudies-literature

Phytochemical and genetic characterization of five quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes introduced to Egypt.

Project description:Due to its substantial nutritional value, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is currently attracting worldwide attention. Quinoa is characterized by a high adaptability to various environmental conditions. This is the first report on the phytochemical and genetic evaluation of quinoa germplasms introduced to Egypt, and the results could be used to implement propagation techniques in the future. For phytochemical characterization, 41 traits, including primary and secondary metabolites, antioxidant molecules, sugars, organic acids and fatty acids, were evaluated. At the same time, 4 RAPD and 7 ISSR markers were used for genetic analysis. UPGMA analysis of RAPD and ISSR polymorphic markers, their combined dataset and phytochemical traits were used to evaluate genetic relationships among genotypes. The quinoa genotypes displayed reasonable variation in the studied phytochemical traits. The results of the genetic analysis confirmed that RAPD and ISSR markers could be used to distinguish effectively quinoa genotypes. The phytochemical and genetic characterization reported herein will be a promising guide for breeding seed quality in quinoa.

| S-EPMC6041240 | biostudies-literature

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

Project description:Chenopodium quinoa Willd is the main traditional food of Inca aboriginal, which was a native grain in South American andes mountains. It has more than five thousand years of edible and cultivation history. Quinoa is rich of comprehensive nutritional value, therefore, be called as the mother of grain. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Chenopodium quinoa Willd was determined by the sequencing of PCR fragments. The complete chloroplast genome of C. quinoa Willd was 151,169?bp in length and displays a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 83,576?bp) and small (SSC, 18,107?bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 24,743?bp each). It harbours 120 gene species, including 87 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNA and 4 ribosomal RNA gene species. The overall nucleotide composition was: 31.2% A, 31.5% T, 19.0% C, and 18.3% G, with a total G?+?C content of 37.3%. Phylogenetic relationship analysis shows that C. quinoa closely related to Chenopodium album.

| S-EPMC7800633 | biostudies-literature

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