Beneficial Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Aroma, Flavors, and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Blood Orange Fruits.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang ZW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9329794 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Genetic manipulation of genes to upregulate specific branches of metabolic pathways is a method that is commonly used to improve fruit quality. However, the use of a single gene to impact several metabolic pathways is difficult. Here, we show that overexpression of the single gene SlMYB75 (SlMYB75-OE) is effective at improving multiple fruit quality traits. In these engineered fruits, the anthocyanin content reached 1.86?mg?g-1 fresh weight at the red-ripe stage, and these SlMYB75-OE tomatoes displayed a series of physiological changes, including delayed ripening and increased ethylene production. In addition to anthocyanin, the total contents of phenolics, flavonoids and soluble solids in SlMYB75-OE fruits were enhanced by 2.6, 4, and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to those of wild-type (WT) fruits. Interestingly, a number of aroma volatiles, such as aldehyde, phenylpropanoid-derived and terpene volatiles, were significantly increased in SlMYB75-OE fruits, with some terpene volatiles showing more than 10 times higher levels than those in WT fruits. Consistent with the metabolic assessment, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the ethylene signaling, phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid pathways were greatly upregulated in SlMYB75-OE fruits. Yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays revealed that SlMYB75 is able to directly bind to the MYBPLANT and MYBPZM cis-regulatory elements and to activate the promoters of the LOXC, AADC2 and TPS genes. The identification of SlMYB75 as a key regulator of fruit quality attributes through the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes involved in several metabolic pathways opens new avenues towards engineering fruits with a higher sensory and nutritional quality.
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Project description:BackgroundAnthocyanins are the most important compounds for nutritional quality and economic values of blood orange. However, there are few reports on the pre-harvest treatment accelerating the accumulation of anthocyanins in postharvest blood orange fruit. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome and metabolomics analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved in seasonal drought (SD) treatment during the fruit expansion stage on anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest 'Tarocco' blood orange fruit.ResultsOur results showed that SD treatment slowed down the fruit enlargement and increased the sugar accumulation during the fruit development and maturation period. Obviously, under SD treatment, the accumulation of anthocyanin in blood orange fruit during postharvest storage was significantly accelerated and markedly higher than that in CK. Meanwhile, the total flavonoids and phenols content and antioxidant activity in SD treatment fruits were also sensibly increased during postharvest storage. Based on metabolome analysis, we found that substrates required for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as amino acids and their derivatives, and phenolic acids, had significantly accumulated and were higher in SD treated mature fruits compared with that of CK. Furthermore, according to the results of the transcriptome data and weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL3) was considered a key structural gene. The qRT-PCR analysis verified that the PAL3 was highly expressed in SD treated postharvest stored fruits, and was significantly positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Moreover, we found that other structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were also upregulated under SD treatment, as evidenced by transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that SD treatment promotes the accumulation of substrates necessary for anthocyanin biosynthesis during the fruit ripening process, and activates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes during the postharvest storage period. This is especially true for PAL3, which co-contributed to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanin. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the postharvest quality control and water-saving utilization of blood orange fruit.
| S-EPMC10908157 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Anthocyanins are the most important compounds for nutritional quality and economic values of blood orange. However, there are few reports on the pre-harvest treatment accelerate the accumulation of anthocyanins in postharvest blood orange fruit. Here, we performed a comparative Transcriptome and metabolomics analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved in seasonal drought (SD) treatment during fruit expansion stage on anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest ‘Tarocco’ blood orange fruit. Results: Our results showed that SD treatment slowed down the fruit enlargement and increased the sugar accumulation during fruit development and matured period. Obviously, under SD treatment, the accumulation of anthocyanin in blood orange fruit during postharvest storage was significantly accelerated and markedly higher than that in CK. Meanwhile, the total flavonoids and phenols contents and antioxidant activity in SD treatment fruit were also sensibly increased during postharvest storage. Based on metabolome, we found that substrates required for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as amino acids and their derivatives, and phenolic acids, have significantly accumulated and higher in SD treated mature fruit compared with that of CK. Further according to the results of transcriptome data and weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL3) was considered key structural gene. qRT-PCR analysis verified that the PAL3 was highly expressed in SD treated postharvest stored fruit and was significantly positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Moreover, we found that other structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were also upregulated under SD treatment through transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis. Conclusions: The findings suggest that SD treatment promotes the accumulation of substrates necessary for anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit ripening process, and activates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes during postharvest storage period, especially PAL3, co-contributed to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanin. The present study provides a theoretical basis for postharvest quality control and water-saving utilization of blood orange fruit.
2024-03-06 | GSE253283 | GEO
Project description:Organic acids and anthocyanins are the most important compounds for the flavor and nutritional quality of citrus fruit. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to elucidate the genes and pathways involved in the accumulation of citrate and anthocyanins in postharvest citrus fruit using ‘Tarocco’ blood orange (TBO) and ‘Bingtangcheng’ sweet orange (BTSO). About 2397, 2677, 3067, 3131 and 2960 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two materials were identified at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 DAS (days after storage) respectively. A robust core set of 825 DEGs temporally associated with the citrate and anthocyanin accumulation throughout the storage period. Further function enrichment revealed the up-regulated DEGs in TBO were mainly related to UV protection, flavonoid biosynthesis process and transcription factors (TFs). And the down-regulated DEGs were mainly related to inositol biosynthesis process, carboxylic acid/organic acid transmembrane transport and transporters. Moreover, co-expression network and correlation analysis revealed that 23 differentially expressed TFs may be responsible for the simultaneously positively regulation of citrate and anthocyanin accumulation. And 19 differentially expressed transporters may be involved in citrate metabolism and negatively correlated with citrate content. These results suggesting that the high anthocyanis and citrate levels in TBO compared with BTSO were porbably attributed to the highly active of a group of core TFs and lowly active of transporters, which will accordingly provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference accumulation of citrate and anthocyanin content in TBO and BTSO.
2023-04-27 | GSE212015 | GEO
Project description:Color is an essential appearance characteristic of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits and mainly determined by anthocyanin. Temperature plays an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. In this research, anthocyanin, sugar, plant hormone and related gene expression were analyzed using physiological and transcriptomic methods in order to reveal the effects of high temperature on fruit coloring and the related mechanism. The results showed that high temperature severely inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in fruit peel and slowed the coloring process. The total anthocyanin content in fruit peel increased by 455% and 84% after 4 days of normal temperature treatment (NT, 24°C day/14°C night) and high temperature treatment (HT, 34°C day/24°C night), respectively. Similarly, the contents of 8 anthocyanin monomers were significantly higher in NT than in HT. HT also affected the levels of sugars and plant hormones. The total soluble sugar content increased by 29.49% and 16.81% in NT and HT, respectively, after 4 days of treatment. The levels of ABA, IAA and GA20 also increased in both the two treatments but more slowly in HT. Conversely, the contents of cZ, cZR and JA decreased more rapidly in HT than in NT. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the ABA and GA20 contents were significantly correlated with the total anthocyanin contents. Further transcriptome analysis showed that HT inhibited the activation of structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as the repression of CYP707A and AOG, which dominated the catabolism and inactivation of ABA. These results indicate that ABA may be a key regulator in the high-temperature-inhibited fruit coloring of sweet cherry. High temperature induces higher ABA catabolism and inactivation, leading to lower ABA levels and finally resulting in slow coloring.
| S-EPMC9968857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOrganic acids and anthocyanins are the most important compounds for the flavor and nutritional quality of citrus fruit. However, there are few reports on the involvement of co-regulation of citrate and anthocyanin metabolism. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the genes and pathways involved in both citrate and anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest citrus fruit with 'Tarocco' blood orange (TBO; high accumulation) and 'Bingtangcheng' sweet orange (BTSO; low accumulation).ResultsA robust core set of 825 DEGs were found to be temporally associated with citrate and anthocyanin accumulation throughout the storage period through transcriptome analysis. Further according to the results of weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the turquoise and brown module was highly positively correlated with both of the content of citrate and anthocyanin, and p-type ATPase (PH8), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PEPCK), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were considered key structural genes. Moreover, MYB family transcription factor (PH4), Zinc finger PHD-type transcription factor (CHR4, HAC12), Zinc finger SWIM-type transcription factor (FAR1) and Zinc finger C3H1-type transcription factor (ATC3H64) were considered hub genes related to these structural genes. Further qRT-PCR analysis verified that these transcription factors were highly expressed in TBO fruit and their expression profiles were significantly positively correlated with the structural genes of citrate and anthocyanin metabolism as well as the content of citrate and anthocyanin content.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the CHR4, FAR1, ATC3H64 and HAC12 may be the new transcription regulators participate in controlling the level of citrate and anthocyanin in postharvest TBO fruit in addition to PH4. These results may providing new insight into the regulation mechanism of citrate and anthocyanin accumulation in citrus fruit.
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Project description:Eriobotrya is an evergreen fruit tree native to South-West China and adjacent countries. There are more than 26 loquat species known in this genus, while E. japonica is the only species yet domesticated to produce fresh fruits from late spring to early summer. Fruits of cultivated loquat are usually orange colored, in contrast to the red color of fruits of wild E. henryi (EH). However, the mechanisms of fruit pigment formation during loquat evolution are yet to be elucidated. To understand these, targeted carotenoid and anthocyanin metabolomics as well as transcriptomics analyses were carried out in this study. The results showed that β-carotene, violaxanthin palmitate and rubixanthin laurate, totally accounted for over 60% of the colored carotenoids, were the major carotenoids in peel of the orange colored 'Jiefangzhong' (JFZ) fruits. Total carotenoids content in JFZ is about 10 times to that of EH, and the expression levels of PSY, ZDS and ZEP in JFZ were 10.69 to 23.26 folds to that in EH at ripen stage. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside were the predominant anthocyanins enriched in EH peel. On the contrary, both of them were almost undetectable in JFZ, and the transcript levels of F3H, F3'H, ANS, CHS and CHI in EH were 4.39 to 73.12 folds higher than that in JFZ during fruit pigmentation. In summary, abundant carotenoid deposition in JFZ peel is well correlated with the strong expression of PSY, ZDS and ZEP, while the accumulation of anthocyanin metabolites in EH peel is tightly associated with the notably upregulated expressions of F3H, F3'H, ANS, CHS and CHI. This study was the first to demonstrate the metabolic background of how fruit pigmentations evolved from wild to cultivated loquat species, and provided gene targets for further breeding of more colorful loquat fruits via manipulation of carotenoids and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
| S-EPMC10611460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Anthocyanins have significant functions in stress tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and also benefit human health. Nevertheless, the key structural genes and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in pepper fruits are still not well understood and fine mapped. For the present study, 383 F2 plants from a cross between the green-fruited C. annuum line Z5 and the purple-fruited line Z6 was developed. Two separate bulked DNA pools were constructed with DNAs extracted from either 37 plants with high anthocyanin content or from 18 plants with no anthocyanin. A combination of specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify candidates for regions associated with anthocyanin accumulation. We identified a total of 127,004 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and detected 1674 high-quality SNP markers associated with anthocyanin accumulation. Three candidate anthocyanin-associated regions including the intervals from 12.48 to 20.00 Mb, from 54.67 to 56.59 Mb, and from 192.17 to 196.82 Mb were identified within a 14.10-Mb interval on chromosome 10 containing 126 candidate genes. Based on their annotations, we identified 12 candidate genes that are predicted to be associated with anthocyanin expression. The present results provide an efficient strategy for genetic mapping of and valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in pepper fruit, and allow us to clone and functionally analyze the genes that influence anthocyanin accumulation in this species.
| S-EPMC6160195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:(1) To define the onset and offset of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for use in developing instructions for dose titration in children undergoing a surgical or medical procedure, and (2) to assess the safety of SNP administration in pediatric patients requiring controlled reduction of blood pressure. METHODS:We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-ranging, effect-controlled, multicenter study of intravenous (IV) infusions of SNP in pediatric patients <17 years, who required controlled hypotension for at least 2 h while undergoing a surgical or medical procedure. A blinded SNP dose of 0.3, 1, 2, or 3 ?g/kg/min was infused for 30 min, followed by open-label administration for at least 90 min. Both infusions were titrated to effect. RESULTS:The final intent-to-treat group comprised 203 patients. Significant reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from baseline were observed for all four doses at 20 and 25 min after the start of infusion (p ? 0.009 and p ? 0.010 for each time, respectively). Overall, 98.5% of the patients achieved the target MAP; 72.9% first achieved the target MAP during the blinded infusion. The mean infusion rate at target MAP was 1.07 ?g/kg/min. CONCLUSION:We determined that 0.3 ?g/kg/m is a reasonable starting dose for SNP in pediatric patients requiring controlled hypotension. The infusion rate can then be increased to achieve the desired reduction in blood pressure. On the basis of our results, we found an average infusion rate of 1 ?g/kg/min might be appropriate. Of note, no cyanide toxicity was reported, and no measureable cyanide levels were detected in any blood samples obtained during the study. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00135668.
| S-EPMC4491614 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnesthesia management of pheochromocytoma excision surgery is associated with severe hemodynamic fluctuations. The objective of this study is to compare the number of hypertensive crisis requiring sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administration between the groups treated with magnesium (Mg)-dexmedetomidine (Dex) and conventional group in pheochromocytoma.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent pheochromocytoma surgery between 2011 and 2020. Patients were examined into two groups: 1-Conventional group (GC) included patients who were operated between 2011 and 2015 under standard anesthesia care and who did not receive perioperative additional medication. 2- Mg-Dex therapy group (GMD) comprised the patients who were operated between 2015 and 2020 and who had received 300 mg Mg per oral daily 1 week before the surgery and Mg-Dex infusion intraoperatively. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and SNP requirement were recorded throughout surgery as well as demographics and operative data. Hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) >180 mmHg, and tachycardia was defined as HR >110 bpm.ResultsA total of 78 patients' data were analyzed from 108 patients' documentary. (38 in GC, 40 in GMD) SNP requirement was significantly higher in GC (39.5%) comparing GMD (7.5%) (p=0.001). SBPs during tumor manipulation period were statistically higher in GC than in GMD at 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, and 35th min. HR values were significantly higher in GC compared to GMD at 10th and 15th min of tumor manipulation period (p<0.05).ConclusionCombination of Mg-Dex seems to be an alternative therapy for reducing vasodilator requirement in perioperative management of pheochromocytoma.
| S-EPMC10277350 | biostudies-literature