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Guanidine acetic acid exhibited greater growth performance in younger (13-30 kg) than in older (30-50 kg) lambs under high-concentrate feedlotting pattern.

ABSTRACT: Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) is increasingly considered as a nutritional growth promoter in monogastric animals. Whether or not such response would exist in rapid-growing lambs is unclear yet. The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with uncoated GAA (UGAA) and coated GAA (CGAA) could alter growth performance, nutrient digestion, serum metabolites, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. Seventy-two small-tailed Han lambs initially weighed 12 ± 1.6 kg were randomly allocated into six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design including two forage-type rations [Oaten hay (OH) vs. its combination with wheat silage (OHWS)] and three GAA treatment per ration: no GAA, 1 g UGAA, and 1 g CGAA per kg dry matter. The whole experiment was completed in two consecutive growing stages (stage 1, 13-30 kg; stage 2, 30-50 kg). Under high-concentrate feeding pattern (Stage 1, 25: 75; Stage 2, 20: 80), UGAA or CGAA supplementation in young lambs presented greater dry matter intake (DMI) in stage 1 and average daily gain (ADG) in the whole experimental period; lambs in OH group had higher ADG and DMI than that in OHWS group in stage 1 and whole experimental period, but this phenomenon was not observed in stage 2. Both UCGA and CGAA addition increased dietary DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion in both stages. In blood metabolism, UCGA and CGAA addition resulted in a greater total protein (TP) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) levels, as well as antioxidant capacity; at the same time, UCGA and CGAA addition increased GAA metabolism-creatine kinase and decreased guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) and L-Arginine glycine amidine transferase catalyzes (AGAT) activity. In a brief, the results obtained in the present study suggested that GAA (UGAA and CGAA; 1 g/kg DM) could be applied to improve growth performance in younger (13-30 kg) instead of older (30-50 kg) lambs in high-concentrate feedlotting practice.

SUBMITTER: Li WJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9386046 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Guanidine acetic acid exhibited greater growth performance in younger (13-30 kg) than in older (30-50 kg) lambs under high-concentrate feedlotting pattern.

Li Wen-Juan WJ Wu Qi-Chao QC Cui Zhao-Yang ZY Jiang Yao-Wen YW Aisikaer Ailiyasi A Zhang Fan F Chen He-Wei HW Wang Wei-Kang WK Wang Yan-Lu YL Lv Liang-Kang LK Xiong Feng-Liang FL Liu Ying-Yi YY Li Sheng-Li SL Yang Hong-Jian HJ

Frontiers in veterinary science 20220804

Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) is increasingly considered as a nutritional growth promoter in monogastric animals. Whether or not such response would exist in rapid-growing lambs is unclear yet. The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with uncoated GAA (UGAA) and coated GAA (CGAA) could alter growth performance, nutrient digestion, serum metabolites, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. Seventy-two small-tailed <i>Han</i> lambs initially weighed 12 ± 1.6 kg were ...[more]

PMID: 35990281

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Project description:The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommend fluid administration of 30 cc/kg ideal body weight (IBW) for patients with sepsis and lactate greater than 4 mmol/L within 3 hours of identification. In this study, we explore the impact of fluid dose on lactate normalization, treatment cost, length of stay, and mortality in patients with lactate greater than 4.DesignMulticenter retrospective observational study.SettingEight-hospital urban healthcare system in Northeastern United States.PatientsPatients with sepsis, initial lactate value greater than 4 mmol/L, and received appropriate antibiotics within 3 hours.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsWe stratified patients into five groups based on the dose of fluid administered within 3 hours after sepsis identification. The groupings were less than 15 cc/kg IBW, 15.1-25 cc/kg IBW, 25.1-35 cc/kg IBW, 35.1-50 cc/kg IBW, and greater than 50 cc/kg IBW. We used the group that received a fluid dose of 25.1-35 cc/kg IBW, as a reference group. The mean age was 66 years, and 56% were male. Three hundred seventy-one (25%) received less than 15 cc/kg of IBW of crystalloid fluid, 278 (17%) received 15-25 cc/kg of IBW, 316 (21%) received 25.1-35 cc/kg of IBW, 319 (21%) received 35.1-50 cc/kg of IBW, and 207 (14%) received greater than 50 cc/kg of IBW. After multilinear regression, there was no significant difference in lactate normalization between the reference group and any of the other fluid groups. We also found no statistically significant difference in the observed/expected cost, or observed/expected length of stay, between the reference group and any of the other fluid groups. Mortality was higher among patients who received greater than 50 cc/kg IBW when compared to the recommended dose.ConclusionsIn patients with sepsis and lactate value greater than 4 mmol/L, high or low fluid doses were not associated with better lactate clearance or patient outcomes. Greater than 50 cc/kg IBW dose of fluids within 3 hours is associated with higher mortality.

Project description:Emotional information rapidly captures our attention and also often invokes automatic response tendencies, whereby positive information motivates approach, while negative information encourages avoidance. However, many circumstances require the need to override or inhibit these automatic responses. Control over responses to emotional information remains largely intact in late life, in spite of age-related declines in cognitive control and inhibition of responses to non-emotional information. The goal of this behavioral study was to understand how the aging process influences emotional response inhibition for positive and negative information in older adults. We examined emotional response inhibition in 36 healthy older adults (ages 60-89) and 44 younger adults (ages 18-22) using an emotional Go/No-Go task presenting happy (positive), fearful (negative), and neutral faces. In both younger and older adults, happy faces produced more approach-related behavior (i.e., fewer misses), while fearful faces produced more avoidance-related behavior, in keeping with theories of approach/avoidance-motivated responses. Calculation of speed/accuracy trade-offs between response times and false alarm rates revealed that younger and older adults both favored speed at the expense of accuracy, most robustly within blocks with fearful faces. However, there was no indication that the strength of the speed/accuracy trade-off differed between younger and older adults. The key finding was that although younger adults were faster to respond to all types of faces, older adults had greater emotional response inhibition (i.e., fewer false alarms). Moreover, younger adults were particularly prone to false alarms for happy faces. This is the first study to directly test effects of aging on emotional response inhibition. Complementing previous literature in the domains of attention and memory, these results provide new evidence that in the domain of response inhibition older adults may more effectively employ emotion regulatory ability, albeit on a slower time course, compared to younger adults. Older adults' enhanced adaptive emotion regulation strategies may facilitate resistance to emotional distraction. The present study extends the literature of emotional response inhibition in younger adulthood into late life, and in doing so further elucidates how cognitive aging interacts with affective control processes.

Dataset Information

Guanidine acetic acid exhibited greater growth performance in younger (13-30 kg) than in older (30-50 kg) lambs under high-concentrate feedlotting pattern.

Publications

Guanidine acetic acid exhibited greater growth performance in younger (13-30 kg) than in older (30-50 kg) lambs under high-concentrate feedlotting pattern.

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