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BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: Heterologous prime/boost vaccination with a vector-based approach (ChAdOx-1nCov-19, ChAd) followed by an mRNA vaccine (e.g. BNT162b2, BNT) has been reported to be superior in inducing protective immunity compared to repeated application of the same vaccine. However, data comparing immunity decline after homologous and heterologous vaccination as well as effects of a third vaccine application after heterologous ChAd/BNT vaccination are lacking. Here we show longitudinal monitoring of ChAd/ChAd (n = 41) and ChAd/BNT (n = 88) vaccinated individuals and the impact of a third vaccination with BNT. The third vaccination greatly augments waning anti-spike IgG but results in only moderate increase in spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell numbers in both groups, compared to cell frequencies already present after the second vaccination in the ChAd/BNT group. More importantly, the third vaccination efficiently restores neutralizing antibody responses against the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of the virus, but neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant remains severely impaired. In summary, inferior SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses following homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination can be compensated by heterologous BNT vaccination, which might influence the choice of vaccine type for subsequent vaccination boosts.

SUBMITTER: Behrens GMN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9387891 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19.

Behrens Georg M N GMN Barros-Martins Joana J Cossmann Anne A Ramos Gema Morillas GM Stankov Metodi V MV Odak Ivan I Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra A Hetzel Laura L Köhler Miriam M Patzer Gwendolyn G Binz Christoph C Ritter Christiane C Friedrichsen Michaela M Schultze-Florey Christian C Ravens Inga I Willenzon Stefanie S Bubke Anja A Ristenpart Jasmin J Janssen Anika A Ssebyatika George G Krähling Verena V Bernhardt Günter G Hoffmann Markus M Pöhlmann Stefan S Krey Thomas T Bošnjak Berislav B Hammerschmidt Swantje I SI Förster Reinhold R

Nature communications 20220818 1

Heterologous prime/boost vaccination with a vector-based approach (ChAdOx-1nCov-19, ChAd) followed by an mRNA vaccine (e.g. BNT162b2, BNT) has been reported to be superior in inducing protective immunity compared to repeated application of the same vaccine. However, data comparing immunity decline after homologous and heterologous vaccination as well as effects of a third vaccine application after heterologous ChAd/BNT vaccination are lacking. Here we show longitudinal monitoring of ChAd/ChAd (n ...[more]

PMID: 35982040

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Project description:BackgroundVaccines are an important means to overcome the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. They induce specific antibody and T-cell responses but it remains open how well vaccine-induced immunity is preserved over time following homologous and heterologous immunization regimens. Here, we compared the dynamics of humoral and cellular immune responses up to 180 days after homologous or heterologous vaccination with either ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 (ChAd) or BNT162b2 (BNT) or both.MethodsVarious tests were used to determine the humoral and cellular immune response. To quantify the antibody levels, we used the surrogate neutralization (sVNT) assay from YHLO, which we augmented with pseudo- and real virus neutralization tests (pVNT and rVNT). Antibody avidity was measured by a modified ELISA. To determine cellular reactivity, we used an IFN-γ Elispot, IFN-γ/IL Flurospot, and intracellular cytokine staining.FindingsAntibody responses significantly waned after vaccination, irrespective of the regimen. The capacity to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 - including variants of concern such as Delta or Omicron - was superior after heterologous compared to homologous BNT vaccination, both of which resulted in longer-lasting humoral immunity than homologous ChAd immunization. All vaccination regimens induced stable, polyfunctional T-cell responses.InterpretationThese findings demonstrate that heterologous vaccination with ChAd and BNT is a potent alternative to induce humoral and cellular immune protection in comparison to the homologous vaccination regimens.FundingThe study was funded by the German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), the European Union's "Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme" under grant agreement No. 101037867 (VACCELERATE), the "Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst" for the CoVaKo-2021 and the For-COVID projects and the Helmholtz Association via the collaborative research program "CoViPa". Further support was obtained from the Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF) through the "Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin", project "B-Fast" and "Cov-Immune". KS is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01KI2013) and the Else Kröner-Stiftung (2020_EKEA.127).

Dataset Information

BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19.

Publications

BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19.

Similar Datasets

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