Dataset Information

Poor early childhood growth is associated with impaired lung function: Evidence from a Ghanaian pregnancy cohort.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Nearly 40% of African children under 5 are stunted. We leveraged the Ghana randomized air pollution and health study (GRAPHS) cohort to examine whether poorer growth was associated with worse childhood lung function.

Study design

GRAPHS measured infant weight and length at birth and 3, 6, 9,12 months, and 4 years of age. At age 4 years, n = 567 children performed impulse oscillometry. We employed multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between birth and age 4 years anthropometry and lung function. Next, we employed latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to generate growth trajectories through age 4 years. We employed linear regression to examine associations between growth trajectory assignment and lung function.

Results

Birth weight and age 4 weight-for-age and height-for-age z-scores were inversely associated with airway resistance (e.g., R₅ , or total airway resistance: birth weight β = -0.90 cmH2O/L/s, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.64, -0.16 per 1 kg increase; and R₂₀ , or large airway resistance: age 4 height-for-age β = -0.40 cmH2O/L/s, 95% CI: -0.57, -0.22 per 1 unit z-score increase). Impaired growth trajectories identified through LCGA were associated with higher airway resistance, even after adjusting for age 4 body mass index. For example, children assigned to a persistently stunted trajectory had higher R₅ (β = 2.71 cmH2O/L/s, 95% CI: 1.07, 4.34) and R₂₀ (β = 1.43 cmH2O/L/s, 95% CI: 0.51, 2.36) as compared to normal.

Conclusion

Children with poorer anthropometrics through to age 4 years had higher airway resistance in early childhood. These findings have implications for lifelong lung health, including pneumonia risk in childhood and reduced maximally attainable lung function in adulthood.

SUBMITTER: Kaali S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9398957 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Poor early childhood growth is associated with impaired lung function: Evidence from a Ghanaian pregnancy cohort.

Kaali Seyram S Jack Darby W DW Prah Rebecca K D RKD Chillrud Steven N SN Mujtaba Mohammed N MN Kinney Patrick L PL Tawiah Theresa T Yang Qiang Q Oppong Felix B FB Gould Carlos F CF Osei Musah M Wylie Blair J BJ Agyei Oscar O Perzanowski Matthew S MS Asante Kwaku Poku KP Lee Alison G AG

Pediatric pulmonology 20220613 9

<h4>Objectives</h4>Nearly 40% of African children under 5 are stunted. We leveraged the Ghana randomized air pollution and health study (GRAPHS) cohort to examine whether poorer growth was associated with worse childhood lung function.<h4>Study design</h4>GRAPHS measured infant weight and length at birth and 3, 6, 9,12 months, and 4 years of age. At age 4 years, n = 567 children performed impulse oscillometry. We employed multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between birth and ...[more]

PMID: 35614550

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Project description:Background and objectivesBy age 5, 20% of British children are classed as overweight or obese, suggesting that early childhood is crucial for lifelong body mass index (BMI) trajectories. In this paper, we identify latent trajectories of early-childhood BMI from ages 3 to 11 years. Given the current context of growing socio-economic inequalities in childhood and adult overweight and obesity, we examine the socio-economic characteristics and mechanisms during pregnancy and infancy which underscore these trajectories.Subject and methodsWe use a nationally representative, prospective cohort study of 9699 children born in 2000-2002, living in the United Kingdom shortly after birth, with complete information on height and weight (measured by an interviewer) at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11. Trajectories of BMI are calculated using latent growth mixture models. Multinomial models characterize these trajectories by their socio-economic profiles and mechanisms during pregnancy and infancy.ResultsFour trajectories were identified: two separate trajectories where BMI remains within a normal range (85% of the sample), an overweight trajectory (14.4%), and an obese trajectory (3.1%). No 'declining BMI' or late-onset groups were found. The obese group is already distinct from the other trajectories by age 3. The overweight group diverges from the normal groups around age 5. Strong socio-economic inequalities emerged; for the obese group, part of this disadvantage is mediated through early mechanisms such as pregnancy smoke and not initiating breastfeeding.ConclusionsThis study provides strong evidence for the idea that childhood BMI trajectories develop early, especially for children who will follow an obese trajectory. Strong socio-economic patterns in these trajectories suggest that the observed trend in growing inequalities may be rooted in early life. Mediating mechanisms for the obese appear to be in the pregnancy and infant period, further research should explore mechanisms occurring around age 5 when the overweight trajectory diverges.

Dataset Information

Poor early childhood growth is associated with impaired lung function: Evidence from a Ghanaian pregnancy cohort.

Objectives

Study design

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Poor early childhood growth is associated with impaired lung function: Evidence from a Ghanaian pregnancy cohort.

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